autumn°❀⋆.ೃ࿔*:･

- Begun writing in 1904 - finished 1914 - No longer living in Dublin - left 1905, never returned to Ireland - Invested in the future of Ireland despite not living there - Victim of censorship - prudish public - daring writing style, radical - Not a collection of short stories - a cycle of stories, a novel “The story of my books is very strange. For the publication of Dubliners I had to struggle for ten years. The whole first edition of 1000 copies was burnt at Dublin by fraud; some say it was the doing of priests, some of enemies, […]. Altogether it is a mystery.” - Letters of James Joyce, vol. I, ed. Stuart Gilbert. New York: Viking, 1957, 132. “The order of the stories is as follows. The Sisters, An Encounter and another story which are the stories of my childhood: The Boarding-House, After the Race and Eveline, which are stories of adolescence: The Clay, Counterparts, and A Painful Case which are stories of mature life: Ivy Day in the Committee Room, A Mother and the last story of the book which are stories of public life in Dublin. "- Letters of James Joyce, vol. II, ed. by Richard Ellmann (New York: Viking, 1966), 111. - symbolically interconnected - cycle of themes - synthetic story that brings everything together - reinvent literature - writing realism - intensely critical of Dublin and self - Ireland lacks modernity - ‘Irishness and backwardness” - Interaction with ‘Empire’ - alienated from the rest of the world - The Irish language - not able to communicate within own country - revival of nationalism