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The Book Is Better Than The Movie
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You're absolutely right that it really does require an artful translation because the mediums are so different. The example I always use is from the Robert Townsend movie Tequila Sunrise: there is a five-second shot of a matchbook on a bar that conveys more about betrayal and trust than any five pages of dialogue ever could, but you have to build to that moment for it to land.
In a book the author is both limited and freed by description. They can literally tell you anything and it doesn't feel weird because it all reads the same. In a movie things like narration often come across as stilted because it fights with the visuals, so you have to find a way to communicate that same information visually. But as with that matchbook, you have to construct everything around it to make it work.

I think the books that translate best have one real plot line and focus on a handful of characters. Clancy's Red October translated really well because it's that way - the story is of a Soviet captain who steals an advanced sub and is trying to get it to the US. There are really three settings - the sub, the chase and the US people who are trying to figure out what's up (is this an attack or is it a defection?).
it's also dependent on the director wanting to respect the book. Verhoeven's Starship Troopers wasn't anything like the book (which he didnt even read) so he basically used it to make a movie on war that he wanted to make. To me, that's a violation of the implicit trust between the movie and the people who liked the book. But, it happens.


There's also "bad book, bad movie." Carl Sagan's Contact comes to mind. Or Twilight. Some things you can't polish.

Internal monologues and narration CAN be done well (Fight Club, Jane the Virgin), but the vast majority of the time they're used as shortcuts rather than essential building blocks of the film.
Music and sound effects are huge assists that books don't get. Can you even imagine Jaws without the music? That's a classic "bad book, good movie" example, as is The Godfather. In both cases the music is as much a character as any of the actors and in Jaws is actually integral to the story.

Meanwhile the movie (TV miniseries) of It is far better than the book simply because the movie doesn't have the utterly creepy and pervy young teen gangbang scene in it.
Books mentioned in this topic
The Shining (other topics)It (other topics)
http://www.vocativ.com/news/245040/th...
Which pretty much aligns with the rule of thumb that says, "Good book, bad movie; bad book, good movie," something that frequently holds true in my experience.