Computation

Computation is any type of calculation that includes both arithmetical and non-arithmetical steps and follows a well-defined model understood and described as, for example, an algorithm.

The study of computation is paramount to the discipline of computer science.

Introduction to the Theory of Computation
Introduction to Algorithms
Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid
Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs
Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools
Feynman Lectures On Computation (Frontiers in Physics)
Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software
The C Programming Language
Quantum Computing Since Democritus
The Maniac
The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 1: Fundamental Algorithms
The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 2: Seminumerical Algorithms
Code Complete: A Practical Handbook of Software Construction
Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software
Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies

Gregory Bateson
Thirty years ago, we used to ask: Can a computer simulate all processes of logic? The answer was yes, but the question was surely wrong. We should have asked: Can logic simulate all sequences of cause and effect? And the answer would have been no.
Gregory Bateson, Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity

Paul    Graham
If you understand McCarthy's eval, you understand more than just a stage in the history of languages. These ideas are still the semantic core of Lisp today. So studying McCarthy's original paper shows us, in a sense, what Lisp really is. It's not something that McCarthy designed so much as something he discovered. It's not intrinsically a language for AI or for rapid prototyping, or any other task at that level. It's what you get (or one thing you get) when you try to axiomatize computation. ...more
Paul Graham

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