World Models Infrastructure Stack

Layer 0: Silicon and Compute

The foundation requires specialized hardware:

Nvidia’s dominance with GPUs remains unchallenged, giving them pricing powerCustom silicon efforts by Meta, Google, and Apple aim to break this dependencyEdge computing requirements for real-time applications drive innovation in efficient inference chipsLayer 1: Foundation Models

This is where the current battle rages:

General-purpose world models (Genie, Cosmos) that work across domainsSpecialized models for specific physics (fluid dynamics, soft body, electromagnetic)Hybrid approaches combining multiple techniquesLayer 2: Middleware and Tools

The translation layer makes world models usable:

Game engines (Unity, Unreal) as the primary integration pointSimulation platforms (Omniverse, Isaac Sim) for industrial applicationsCloud services packaging world models as APIsLayer 3: Application Framework

Where developers build specific solutions:

Domain-specific languages for describing worlds and interactionsVisual programming interfaces for non-technical usersStandard formats (OpenUSD emerging as the HTML of 3D worlds)Layer 4: End-User Applications

The visible layer where value is captured:

Consumer apps (games, social, education)Enterprise software (CAD, simulation, training)Embedded systems (robots, vehicles, AR glasses)

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