Joe Velikovsky's Blog, page 10

AppEEL webinar #7 (July)

So we had AppEEL webinar #7 of 2021...

It was great!!! (Just like AppEEL webinars #1, #2, #3, #4, #5 & #6; but who's counting.)

By the way, this post you're now reading isn't the Official Page for the AppEEL webinars.

This is just: my NOTES... (Velikovsky of Newcastle)

--------

The video, from AppEEL webinar #6

(featuring AppEEL Director, Nathalie Gontier

[To Be Added... watch this precise space]

AppEEL Webinar #7 on YouTube

For more, see https://www.youtube.com/user/appeellisboa/videos

& speakers:

July 9th 2021 - In collaboration with CLES

* Peter Gärdenfors on the evolution of causal thinking

And, which reminded me of this: (I believe that's an orangutan, not a `monkey' as captioned there, but still.)

Not sure how to interpret the reaction there: surprise, amusement, humor...(?)

(Or am I just: ape-ropomorphizing? :)Peter mentioned: laughter (in response to tickling) is clear in some primates...

All very fascinating

---

* Przemyslaw Żywiczynski on protolanguage

Fascinating...

---

* Slawomir Wacewicz on two types of pantomime

Also fascinating

(at first, for the title slide image above, I just saw a `blue splash'

(like: a very `artistic' parenthesis symbol } ),

...then the 2 silhouettes (or silhouette and blue shadow) suddenly resolved, in a `flash'...

to: a hominin face (side on, facing right), and: gorilla?)

& how... I love that `gestalt-switch' moment!

Understanding.

Or, recognition,

or whatever that is.

(What a thrill / `natural drug-rush' that is...!

I like this article on that sort of thing...

PS - Disclaimer: Kids, don't do drugs.)

Also some Notes I made/thoughts I had:

Imitation vs Emulation? (copy the process vs copy the product) - in Teaching

(Przemyslaw mentioned Cecilia Heyes' recent paper on this) Koestler 1964 (The Act of Creation) on screen acting: shifting from `explicit' to `implicit' style - ie reduced vs exaggerated (pantomine) Tomasello - co-op vs selfish, bonobos vs chimps Communication: to Inform (Altruism) vs to Convince (Selfish)

AppEEL webinar #6 (June 2021)

So we had AppEEL webinar #6 of 2021...

It was great!!! (Just like AppEEL webinars #1, #2, #3, #4 and #5)

By the way, this post you're now reading isn't the Official Page for the AppEEL webinars.

This is just: my NOTES... (by Velikovsky of Newcastle)

--------

The video, from AppEEL webinar #6

(featuring AppEEL Director, Nathalie Gontier

AppEEL Webinar #6

For more, see https://www.youtube.com/user/appeellisboa/videos

& speakers:

* James Shapiro on Mobile Genetic Elements and Evolution, a View from the 21st Century

* Benedikt Hallgrímsson on Epigenetics

* Francesco Balzan on his Erasmus Plus fellowship @ AppEEL: The Free Energy Principle

-------------------------

And just in passing, a few items of News:

the 2021 CES Conference https://on-writering.blogspot.com/2021/06/ces-conference-2021-sapporo-japan.html------//------

& for more about AppEEL, see also:

The Applied Evolutionary Epistemology Lab

------------//------------
Anyway, another terrific AppEEL webinar - I learned a lot! & met lots of great people/scholars.
What's not to like-?
--------------//---------------
Well, that's about all we have time for, folks.
You have been reading / viewing a blog-post by: Dr J T Velikovsky Ph.D

(aka: Velikovsky of Newcastle) Information Scientist & Systems Scientist & AI Researcher & Enthusiast & Evolutionary Culturologist
More information:
Transmedia Blog: On Writering
IMDb (Movies, Videogames):
YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/joeteevee (over 100 videos, some are even: good)
Academia.edu page: https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/JTVelikovsky
Researchgate page: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jt_Velikovsky
JTV's ouvre... etc etc.
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6741-066X
& Forthcoming book P3 of EC (November 2021): https://www.igi-global.com/book/principles-protocols-practices-evolutionary-culturology/267379

------------------------------------------

& please stay tuned, for more: AppEEL webinars !

& Thanks for reading!

View more on Joe Velikovsky's website »

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Published on June 18, 2021 12:12

AppEEL webinar #6 (May 2021)

So we had AppEEL webinar #6 of 2021...

It was great!!! (Just like AppEEL webinars #1, #2, #3, #4 and #5)

By the way, this post you're now reading isn't the Official Page for the AppEEL webinars.

This is just: my NOTES... (by Velikovsky of Newcastle)

--------

The video, from AppEEL webinar #6

(featuring AppEEL Director, Nathalie Gontier

AppEEL Webinar #6

For more, see https://www.youtube.com/user/appeellisboa/videos

& speakers:

* James Shapiro on Mobile Genetic Elements and Evolution, a View from the 21st Century

* Benedikt Hallgrímsson on Epigenetics

* Francesco Balzan on his Erasmus Plus fellowship @ AppEEL: The Free Energy Principle

-------------------------

And just in passing, a few items of News:

the 2021 CES Conference https://on-writering.blogspot.com/2021/06/ces-conference-2021-sapporo-japan.html------//------

& for more about AppEEL, see also:

The Applied Evolutionary Epistemology Lab

------------//------------
Anyway, another terrific AppEEL webinar - I learned a lot! & met lots of great people/scholars.
What's not to like-?
--------------//---------------
Well, that's about all we have time for, folks.
You have been reading / viewing a blog-post by: Dr J T Velikovsky Ph.D

(aka: Velikovsky of Newcastle) Information Scientist & Systems Scientist & AI Researcher & Enthusiast & Evolutionary Culturologist
More information:
Transmedia Blog: On Writering
IMDb (Movies, Videogames):
YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/joeteevee (over 100 videos, some are even: good)
Academia.edu page: https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/JTVelikovsky
Researchgate page: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jt_Velikovsky
JTV's ouvre... etc etc.
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6741-066X
& Forthcoming book P3 of EC (November 2021): https://www.igi-global.com/book/principles-protocols-practices-evolutionary-culturology/267379

------------------------------------------

& please stay tuned, for more: AppEEL webinars !

& Thanks for reading!

View more on Joe Velikovsky's website »

Like • 0 comments • flag

Published on June 18, 2021 12:12

TVoL's Examined Lives: Optimism, Cynicism, and Realism (Session 10)

TVoL's Examined Lives: Optimism, Cynicism, and Realism (Session 10)

(Webinar of: June 17th 2021)

See: https://thisviewoflife.com/examined-lives/

A blog-post by Velikovsky of Newcastle

--------------

So - I just attended this great webinar!

-------//--------

TVoL's Examined Lives

ABSTRACT:

Optimism, Cynicism, and Realism (Session 10)Date and Time: Thursday, June 17th, 12-1pm ET (4-5pm UTC)

Is realism invariably corrosive of hope? Or can realists also be optimists? Do we need delusions to maintain psychological stability? If so, delusions about what? Ourselves? Human nature? Our fate? Dark portrayals of human nature are often hailed as starkly realistic, and rosier portrayals are often assumed to stem from “rose-colored glasses.” But is this right? Or is it the cynics and pessimists that suffer from “negativity bias”? What light can the science of evolution shed on the subject? What will happen when we pool our insights?

Care to explore a bit beforehand? Start here:

"Logicality in regard to practical matters is the most useful quality an animal can possess, and might, therefore result from the action of natural selection; but outside of these it is probably of more advantage to the animal to have his mind filled with pleasing and encouraging visions, independently of their truth; and thus, upon unpractical subjects, natural selection might occasion a fallacious tendency of thought.” —Charles Sanders PeirceCosts and benefits of realism and optimism
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4323577/

Perspectives on depressive realism
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0005796794E0016C https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0005789406000840

Mindfulness, Negativity Bias, & Optimism
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1948550610396585

-------//--------

And, am happy to report we solved all the world's problems, in that great webinar.

THE END.

-------//--------

& below FYI, is my Scribbled Notes I took down, during the webinar. (er, "I", Velikovsky)(Though sometimes I can't read my own writing...?
So, I wouldn't take the below as `True News', or anything :)
Could all be: Fake News. You be the judge.

------------

Some of the Zoom-chat is below: (mostly, anonymized) - & mainly just presented here, for the links/URLs, which are very informative! (thanks especially to Sage @ TVoL)
------
Questions & Comments made in the Zoom-chat:

02:01:36 From Sage Gibbons (TVOL) to Everyone : Costs and benefits of realism and optimism

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...

Perspectives on depressive realism

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...

Mindfulness, Negativity Bias, & Optimism

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/...

Other (anonymized) comments:

Isn't the Legend of Pandora saying that hope is a two-edged sword? John Cleese "Its not the pessimists that hurt, it's the hope that kills you"

Bregman (optimist) & Harari (realist? cynic?) conversation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xp9h3...

Is it interesting to compare Eastern religions like Buddhism and Western religions like Christianity? Buddhism says that bad things happen and we need to accept that fact of life, while the West says we are in control?

George Lakoff’s work on authoritarian vs. nurturing parenting and politics.

Andy's introduction assumes that pessimism is a maladaption of an evolutionarily adapted trait but is there evidence for that?

Might these be “attachment styles” (Belsky)

Random Side Note: Andy's recent chat with David Pakman: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EoASE... (15 mins)

I don’t hear anyone saying they’re maladaptive. Just excesses of them

One of the teachings of Buddhism is the construct of CLINGING. THIS MAY BE A TOOL TO CREATE AND MAINTAIN BALANCE. DETACHMENT MAY BE ANOTHER

I agree with emotion being central

Further to Rob's (Swigert's) point, this (Teacher's Guide) makes me optimistic (for the future): https://sites.google.com/view/globale...

I would oppose that emotion is not useful, it is a question about emotion being adaptive/maladaptive, it is useful in itself to be informed by emotion

https://www.amazon.com/Good-Reasons-B...

Anyone familiar with Emotion-focused Therapy developed by Leslie Greenberg?

But one can be attached to seeking or desiring non-attachment.

`I was feeling pretty religious' by Tony Hoagland

How about the legend of the ancient Chinese farmer...his horse went missing, and all the neighbors tried to comfort him over his bad fortune. But he said, who knows what is good or bad? The next day his son found the horse, to much rejoicing in the neighborhood. But the farmer said, who knows what is good or bad? The son went out with the horse, but fell and broke his leg. Once again the neighbors exclaimed over the bad luck. But again, who knows what is good or bad? Before long the military conscriptors came, but could not take the son with his broken leg....and so on and on.

Very good story!

Irvin Yalom: “Stop hoping for a better past.”

Depends on what is going on “now.”

If I’m starving and in pain I need to focus on a hopeful future...

Awe is in the now, neither optimism nor pessimism.

“Normative adaptation"

-------//--------

And - I can highly recommend, Andy's new book: Mental Immunity (due out: May 18 2021) !

Mental Immunity (due out: May 18th 2021)

(& I notice, you can pre-order it now on that Amazon link, above... & I did ! )

--------------

So: great webinar. I learned a lot. (JTV)
& Met lots of great people / scholars.
...What's not to like?

THE END
ROLL CREDITS.
--------------//---------------
Well, that's about all we have time for, folks.
You have been reading / viewing a blog-post by:
Dr J T Velikovsky Ph.D

(aka: Velikovsky of Newcastle)
Information Scientist & Systems Scientist & AI Researcher & Enthusiast & Evolutionary Culturologist & Filmmaker & Writer & Artist & Actor & Muso & Rugged Frontiersman & Random Guy
(and, also The StoryAlity Guy)
aka Humanimal
(or, The Artist formally known as Dr J T Velikovsky)

More stuff:

Transmedia Blog: On Writering
IMDb (Movies, Videogames):
Music: Texas Radio & Zen Stupidity
YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/joeteevee (over 100 videos, some are even: good)
Academia page: https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/JTVelikovsky
ResearchGate page: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jt_Velikovsky
My ouvre... etc etc.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6741-066X
Forthcoming book (November 2021): https://www.igi-global.com/book/principles-protocols-practices-evolutionary-culturology/267379

View more on Joe Velikovsky's website »

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Published on June 17, 2021 10:16

CES Conference 2021 - Sapporo, Japan

CES2021 - Sapporo

Cultural Evolution Society conference - CES2021 (Sapporo, Japan)

==============================================

So; am attending this great conference, June 9-11, 2021...!

Great talks/papers by: Kazuo Okanoya, Alex Mesoudi, Joe Henrich, Marcus Feldman, Brigitte Pakendorf, Heidi Colleran, etc!!

Selfie of me in CES2021 Gathertown:

====================================

& my own paper... (if you like that kind of thing):

CULTURAL EVOLUTION SOCIETY 2021/SESSIONS/DISCUSSION SESSION 2The HOLON/parton structure of units of culture, & Evolutionary CulturologyJT Velikovsky

My Abstract:

The landmark 2016 discovery of the HOLON/parton structure of all units of culture - deriving from a 2016 PhD study, and first published in the book Creative Technologies for Multidisciplinary Applications (2016) - has since been applied in other domains of culture, being subsequently republished in the Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology (2017, 4th edition), also Advanced Methodologies and Technologies in Artificial Intelligence, Computer Simulation, and Human-Computer Interaction (2019), and the Encyclopedia of Creativity (2020, 3rd edition).

This powerful new tool - integrating the Three Laws of HOLON/partons - enables scientific identification and analysis of units of culture, including Numerals (Mathematics); Words (Languages); Narremes / units of story (Narratives); Transmedia (Narrative); Movies (Cinema); Television (Screen Media); Novels (Prose Fiction Books); Factual Literature (Prose Non-Fiction Books); Videogames (Games);; Plays (Theater); Popular Song (Music); Poems (Literature); Jokes (Standup Comedy); Paintings (Visual Art); Myths (Narrative); (Adaptive Fictions); Conspiracy Theories (Adaptive Fictions); Scientific Models/Theories (Science); Ideologies (Political, Economic, Religious); Inventions (Technology); Art (Communication Media); Values & Ethics.

When used in conjunction with the Fractal Systems Meta-model of Bio-cultural Evolutionary Creativity, these two scientific models enable examination of the units, levels and mechanisms of cultural evolution, in any domain in culture.

The 5 prior book chapters on this discovery (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020) are currently being expanded to a full-length book (due for release, November 2021). This talk presents these two new scientific models - as powerful tools - for use by students, scholars, and scientists of Cultural Evolution.

And my Official Bio, on the CES2021 site:

JT Velikovsky

J. T. Velikovsky, PhD (Communication and Media Arts) is a member of the Future Work Research Group (FASTLab Research Center) at University of Newcastle, Australia; the Applied Evolutionary Epistemology Lab (http://appeel.fc.ul.pt/); and the CES. He is also a million-selling, multi-award-winning transmedia writer (videogames, movies, television, books, songs, comics), filmmaker, songwriter, and game designer. He has been a judge for Australian Writers Guild and Australian Directors Guild, and serves on the editorial board of the International Journal of Art, Culture and Design Technologies. His PhD weblog is at: https://storyality.wordpress.com/ Research interests include Applied Evolutionary Epistemology; biological and cultural evolution; creativity, and consilience.

...And, that's just about enough shameless self-promotion for now, thankyou very much.

And - hey, a Tree of Culture:

------------//------------
Anyway, another terrific conference... am learning a lot! & meeting lots of great people/scholars...
What's not to like-?
--------------//---------------
Well, that's about all we have time for, folks.
You have been reading / viewing a blog-post by: Dr J T Velikovsky Ph.D

(aka: Velikovsky of Newcastle) Information Scientist & Systems Scientist & AI Researcher & Enthusiast & Evolutionary Culturologist
More information:
Transmedia Blog: On Writering
IMDb (Movies, Videogames):
YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/joeteevee (over 100 videos, some are even: good)
Academia.edu page: https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/JTVelikovsky
Researchgate page: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jt_Velikovsky
JTV's ouvre... etc etc.
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6741-066X
& Forthcoming book P3 of EC (November 2021): https://www.igi-global.com/book/principles-protocols-practices-evolutionary-culturology/267379

------------------------------------------

View more on Joe Velikovsky's website »

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Published on June 06, 2021 04:48

Culture-Conference 2021 (Stirling UK)

Culture-Conference 2021 (Stirling UK)

Attended this great conference on Cultural Evolution (Jun 7th & 8th 2021)

Culture Conference 2021 (Stirling UK)

The Conference abstract, from the website:

Culture Conference 2021: “Evolutionary Perspectives on Culture”

The 2021 Culture Conference aims to broaden the scope of previous years themes by hosting an interdisciplinary workshop with the theme “Evolutionary Perspectives on Culture”.

Our primary objective is to bring together diverse researchers in the fields of animal behaviour, culture and evolution to exchange knowledge and expertise, and promote interdisciplinary discussion of cutting edge research on the study of culture. We aim to foster an environment where researchers from fields as diverse as ecology to economics can collaborate to address pressing current issues as well as advance human knowledge.

We hope that all attendees can contribute towards the same goal: participation in an open forum of discussion regarding how culture has come to be defined and operationalized in their fields, and how these unique yet varied evolutionary perspectives can inform each other – methodologically and otherwise.

Source: Culture Conference 2021 website

---------------------------

Keynotes by Alex Mesoudi, Fiona Jordan, Christopher Krupenye, Katie Slocombe !

& some great Zoom sessions:

& especially enjoyed:
Mathieu Charbonneau Is Fidelity a Causal Concept?

&

Silas Elliott How can digital mediation influence biases to cultural transmission?

Also, just a sample of some of the presentations:
Short Talks
Talk 1- Eva Reindl - Young children spontaneously invent different types of associative tool use behaviour
Talk 2- Sadie Tenpas - Does coordination stabilize cultural traits in chimpanzees?
Talk 3- Mathieu Charbonneau - Is Fidelity a Causal Concept?
Talk 4- Valerie van Mulukom & Micia de Wet - Forgotten culture, ignored imagination: An evolutionary, dual-pathway, embodied cognition model of how humans navigate and make sense of reality
Lightning Talks
1- Alba Motes Rodrigo - The Method of Local Restriction: In search of potential great ape culture-dependent forms
2- Yoav Ram - Cultural evolution of cooperation: the role of non-vertical transmission
3- Claudio Tennie - How likely are self-enculturation effects in apes and early hominins?
4- Anthony Formaux - The experimental emergence of convention in a non-human primate
5- Dominik Deffner - Effective population size for culturally evolving traits
6- Natalie V Wareham - Cross-cultural variation in human reproductive success: Testing Bateman’s principles
7- Silas Elliott - How can digital mediation influence biases to cultural transmission?
8- Carlo Vreden & Zanna Clay - The development of empathic concern across two cultural contexts

& loads of great Research Posters in the conference booklet...

A big congrats to the #CultConf21 organizers!!!

------------//------------
Anyway, another terrific conference... learned a lot! & met lots of great people/scholars...
What's not to like-?
--------------//---------------
Well, that's about all we have time for, folks.
You have been reading / viewing a blog-post by: Dr J T Velikovsky Ph.D

(aka: Velikovsky of Newcastle) Information Scientist & Systems Scientist & AI Researcher & Enthusiast & Evolutionary Culturologist
More information:
Transmedia Blog: On Writering
IMDb (Movies, Videogames):
YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/joeteevee (over 100 videos, some are even: good)
Academia.edu page: https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/JTVelikovsky
Researchgate page: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jt_Velikovsky
JTV's ouvre... etc etc.
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6741-066X
& Forthcoming book P3 of EC (November 2021): https://www.igi-global.com/book/principles-protocols-practices-evolutionary-culturology/267379

------------------------------------------

View more on Joe Velikovsky's website »

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Published on June 04, 2021 08:44

AppEEL webinar #5 (May 2021)

So we had AppEEL webinar #5 of 2021...

It was great!!! (Just like AppEEL webinars #1, #2, #3 and #4)

By the way, this post you're now reading isn't the Official Page for the AppEEL webinars.

This is just: my NOTES... (by Velikovsky of Newcastle)

--------

The video, from AppEEL webinar #5

(featuring AppEEL Director, Nathalie Gontier

AppEEL Webinar #5

For more, see https://www.youtube.com/user/appeellisboa/videos

& speakers:

Natasha Vita-More, and Lada Shipovalova & Elena Chebotareva )

AppEEL - in collaboration with the Department of Philosophy of Science and Technology at St.-Petersburg University

* Natasha Vita-More on Evolution Mutatis Mutandis: Changing what needs to change

* Lada Shipovalova & Elena Chebotareva on Evolutionizing the Technosphere: Biological Approaches to Engineering

-------------------------

And just in passing, a few items of News:

New book (releasing next week, May 18, 2021) by evolutionary philosopher Andy Norman: `Mental Immunity' - see: https://on-writering.blogspot.com/2021/05/book-review-mental-immunity-andy-norman.html& see: https://cognitiveimmunology.net/& the 2021 CES Conference is next month (Jun 9-11) https://culturalevolutionsociety.org/story/Conferences------//------

& for more about AppEEL, see also:

The Applied Evolutionary Epistemology Lab

------------//------------
Anyway, another terrific AppEEL webinar - I learned a lot! & met lots of great people/scholars.
What's not to like-?
--------------//---------------
Well, that's about all we have time for, folks.
You have been reading / viewing a blog-post by: Dr J T Velikovsky Ph.D

(aka: Velikovsky of Newcastle) Information Scientist & Systems Scientist & AI Researcher & Enthusiast & Evolutionary Culturologist
More information:
Transmedia Blog: On Writering
IMDb (Movies, Videogames):
YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/joeteevee (over 100 videos, some are even: good)
Academia.edu page: https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/JTVelikovsky
Researchgate page: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jt_Velikovsky
JTV's ouvre... etc etc.
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6741-066X
& Forthcoming book P3 of EC (November 2021): https://www.igi-global.com/book/principles-protocols-practices-evolutionary-culturology/267379

------------------------------------------

& please stay tuned, for more: AppEEL webinars !

& Thanks for reading!

View more on Joe Velikovsky's website »

Like • 0 comments • flag

Published on May 14, 2021 12:14

TVoL's Examined Lives: Mental Immunity to Infectious Ideas (Session 9)

TVoL's Examined Lives: Mental Immunity to Infectious Ideas (Session 9)

(Webinar of: May 13th 2021)

See: https://thisviewoflife.com/examined-lives/

A blog-post by Velikovsky of Newcastle

--------------

So - I just attended this great webinar!

-------//--------

TVoL's Examined Lives: Mental Immunity to Infectious Ideas (Session 9)

Abstract:

`Our species is strangely susceptible to infectious ideas. Take the idea that a cabal of Satan-worshipping pedophiles controls the US government (“QAnon"): in recent years, we’ve watched it spread like a disease online, and dramatically alter political behavior. Epidemiologists at the World Health Organization now speak openly of “infodemics”—they’re even urging us to take off the scare quotes and take such talk literally.

Just as our bodies differ in their susceptibility to Covid, our minds differ in their susceptibility to science denial, conspiracy theories, and extremist ideologies. Those more susceptible can be thought of as less immune, and those less susceptible can be thought as more immune. But what is mental immunity? How does it work? Can our minds be said to have immune systems that function more or less well? Do kooky and harmful ideas spread more readily when mental immunity is compromised? Is there more to mental immunity than being able to think critically? Most important: can we develop our immunity to bad ideas, and become wiser versions of ourselves?

In this special session of Examined Lives, Andy Norman will share the central thesis of his book Mental Immunity, and invite discussion.'

Care to explore a bit beforehand? Start here:

https://cognitiveimmunology.net/

https://andynorman.org/mental-immunity

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/gch2.201600008

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inoculation_theory

-------//--------

And, am happy to report we solved all the world's problems, in that great webinar.

THE END.

-------//--------

& below FYI, is my Scribbled Notes I took down, during the webinar. (er, "I", Velikovsky)(Though sometimes I can't read my own writing...?
So, I wouldn't take the below as `True News', or anything :)
Could all be: Fake News. You be the judge.

------------

My Scribbled Mtg Notes :

As a super-brief summary of the book Mental Immunity (2021), Andy's claims, on the topic of Cognitive Immunology are that:

Bad ideas are mind-parasites The `Germ Theory of cognitive contagion' has arrived (among other things, to combat the spread of viral nonsense, online)Minds have immune systems that function more - or less - well, to prevent infectionMinds had to develop resistance, as - the wrong (bad) idea, can get you killed~(!) Our minds' Immune Systems only currently function at a fraction of their potential...The emerging Science of Mental Immunity helps us all to become wiser (given that the term `homo sapiens' = wise ape!)...
...Discuss-!! :)
---------------
(And, indeed we did!)
Some of the Zoom-chat is below: (mostly, anonymized) - & mainly just presented here, for the links/URLs, which are very informative! (thanks especially to Sage @ TVoL)
------
Questions & Comments made in the Zoom-chat:
Q: How do you define bad ideas?
Q: Marxism is an idea that seems to have resurfaced many times, suggesting not much herd immunity?
Q: In our EAE / (EEA / Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness), with groups of 150, why would immunity be so important?
Sage (TVOL) to Everyone : To preserve cumulative cultural adaptations would be main guess
Q: In our EAE in groups of 150 why would immunity develop to bad ideas? While the social network is now billions in size
Q: Isn't wishful/willful thinking not usually unconscious? i.e., the motivation is not obvious to the individual
- Religions seem to be pretty good at spreading inconsistent ideas?
- If there is an evolved system, one would think that it would not be entirely dependent on will, deliberate effort, or even learning
- I suggest that "BAD" idea relates to case fatality ratio in the epidemiological models
- From Steve: see Kahn, D. (2017) Misconceptions, Misinformation, and the Logic of Identity-Protective Cognition https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2973067
More Comments, from the Zoom-chat:
- Defining your identity in terms of set of beliefs is the definition of religion!
- An epidemic requires a group, and so does identity; this has to be a question of protecting (immunizing) groups, not just individuals
Velikovsky: I did a short blogpost review of Andy's forthcoming book: https://on-writering.blogspot.com/2021/05/book-review-mental-immunity-andy-norman.html
From Sage (TVOL) to Everyone : I think that WEIRD cultures (see: Joe Henrich's book) probably concentrate “bad ideas” (maladaptive, disconnected from reality, etc.) in a unique way relative to the mental immunity developed in the EAE. In the EAE, cultural knowledge was shared among a tight-knit community of people who relied on each other to survive and had obligations and privileges based on social position. In modern WEIRD cultures, we can find like-minded people according to symbolic abstractions devoid of deeper relations. Therefore, the ideas themselves are more powerful and self-serving, rather than constrained by deeper relations
From Sage (TVOL) to Everyone : The cognitive biases that evolved to preserve cumulative cultural knowledge now are serving more arbitrary in-groups without the same relevance to your day-to-day life or to the relationships you have with those people outside of those ideas.
- Sage's point is very important!
- What function do ideas have from an evolutionary perspective / good ideas, ones that promotes personal and group survival ?
Steve: Can we all agree that a scientific consensus is a “good” idea?
- Scientific consensus can be on bad ideas as well (the ether, for example). Science is all about process, not conclusions
- (to Sage): beneficially applied science maybe
- Evolutionary Ethics! :)
- Just looking at the mess in one section of Congress right now where Truth is a bad idea and those who promote it are doomed…
Sage Gibbons (TVOL) to Everyone : Great point, [X]. Scientists are just the best mouth piece we have for the current state of the process, but good scientific ideas are only known after the fact.
- Religion might be defined as a bad idea in terms of a set of beliefs are not governed by science and yet you could also argue that the lack of religion is causing the greater spread of other bad ideas that substitute for religion like say Marxism or psychotherapy
- Just as a remark for Andy Norman, I think it might be fruitful to try to dodge the question of good or bad and hitchhike on the pragmatic/evolutionary worldview. For instance as done in Functional Contextualism of the contextual behavioral science. The core idea is that statements can only be evaluated in terms of successful working in relation to an analytic goal. Functional Contextualism goes for „prediction and influence“ but doesn’t make any claims about other analytical goals. I think this is clean way to acknowledge but outsource the question of „values“.
- Yes, but we default to our sub-cultural consensus
- And you still do…
- Sage, would you provide the Hendricks citation?
- A “true” idea may not be adaptive if it results in your rejection from the group (unless you can join another group)
Sage Gibbons (TVOL) to Everyone : Best reference is his book, Secret of Our Successhttps://www.amazon.com/dp/B00WY4OXAS/
Sage Gibbons (TVOL) to Everyone : +1 for Don Hoffman. This podcast with him is a bit of a trip: https://thirdeyedrops.com/hoffman170/
- Lies spread faster and wider than then truth. Is that consistent with the immunity idea?https://science.sciencemag.org/CONTENT/359/6380/1146.abstract
- `Nothing spreads like fear' - strapline from the film Contagion
From Sage (TVOL) to Everyone : That’s a great paper. A choice quote: “Whereas the truth rarely diffused to more than 1000 people, the top 1% of false-news cascades routinely diffused to between 1000 and 100,000 people. Falsehood reached more people at every depth of a cascade than the truth, meaning that many more people retweeted false-hood than they did the truth”.
- Looking forward to your book! (i.e. Andy Norman's Mental Immunity)
- Thank you Sage. I think that it's hard to see that we have natural immunity to bad ideas given the evidence in that paper
From Sage (TVOL) to Everyone : On the other hand, that paper also showed that the presence of fact-checking websites (e.g. snopes.com) limited the continued diffusion of false-news cascades. So it’s an uphill battle, but at least people don’t want to be seen as a liar. Adds some backing to Twitter and Facebook’s misinformation warnings
Andy (Norman) also mentioned his new Think-Tank / Nonprofit (& always interested in more researchers joining): pls see
Cognitive Immunology https://cognitiveimmunology.net/
More comments (mostly, anonymized) from the Zoom-chat:
- If anyone is not familiar with the work of John Cook (George Mason University), you should check this out. He was for many years worked on climate change denialism and formalized a process of mental inoculation and other ideas highly relevant to the discussion here. He even has a super-accessible illustrated comic book (John did the drawings as well) called Cranky Uncle vs. Climate Change. And he's offered a MOOC on CC denialism on Coursera or EdX, a course which I highly recommend!
- I really think the main problem with the claims of the book are related to the definition of `good vs. bad'. I think the story becomes better if we are talking about world view or mental model related immunity and resilience. - Or let me rephrase… I haven’t read the book so I don’t want to make any claims about it. Just the ideas we are discussing here.
- Money is an idea. Gresham's law "Bad money drives out good"
- A deal of evidence suggests that bad ideas spread much faster and wider than good ideas and have done throughout human history And rather than having immunity from bad ideas that we are uniquely adapted to absorbing and multiplying bad ideas
- As far as education is concerned, we also have to introduce the skills of critical thinking. Such a seemingly large portion of the population just doesn’t want and doesn’t know how to think…It’s easier to just absorb and regurgitate.
- You should have a look at synthetic media. Deep Fakes, etc. The future is not necessarily gonna make resistance to bad ideas easier.
- At what point can you „blame“ people or „claim“ truth if anything can be faked.
- We [humans?] are norm-followers and group-identifiers rather than truth-seekers, aren't we?
- This is just wonderful! Thank you, Andy
- What’s the role of intuition as a criterion for ascertaining what’s true?
- Just imagine procedurally generated scientific articles that cannot be distinguished from real articles. Already some generated articles have gotten through peer review….
- Wonderful discussion. Thank you very much!!
- Fantastic point, [X]. Ideas wrapped in norms and group identity take all kinds of priority over truth. Certainly in public representations
- Thank you for taking on this topic!
- In addition to DSW’s work, I think Jonathan’s Haidt’s work adds perspective to this discussion!
- Thank you all, especially Andy for being so open
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And - I can highly recommend, Andy's new book: Mental Immunity (due out: May 18 2021) !

Mental Immunity (due out: May 18th 2021)

(& I notice, you can pre-order it now on that Amazon link, above... & I did ! )

--------------

So: great webinar. I learned a lot. (JTV)
& Met lots of great people / scholars.
...What's not to like?

THE END
ROLL CREDITS.
--------------//---------------
Well, that's about all we have time for, folks.
You have been reading / viewing a blog-post by:
Dr J T Velikovsky Ph.D

(aka: Velikovsky of Newcastle)
Information Scientist & Systems Scientist & AI Researcher & Enthusiast & Evolutionary Culturologist & Filmmaker & Writer & Artist & Actor & Muso & Rugged Frontiersman & Random Guy
(and, also The StoryAlity Guy)
aka Humanimal
(or, The Artist formally known as Dr J T Velikovsky)

More stuff:

Transmedia Blog: On Writering
IMDb (Movies, Videogames):
Music: Texas Radio & Zen Stupidity
YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/joeteevee (over 100 videos, some are even: good)
Academia page: https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/JTVelikovsky
ResearchGate page: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jt_Velikovsky
My ouvre... etc etc.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6741-066X
Forthcoming book (November 2021): https://www.igi-global.com/book/principles-protocols-practices-evolutionary-culturology/267379

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Published on May 13, 2021 10:46

Book review - `Mental Immunity' (Andy Norman 2021)

Structured-Abstract Book-Review:

Mental Immunity (Norman 2021)

by

Velikovsky of Newcastle

http://storyality.wordpress.com/

12th May 02021

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Mental Immunity (Norman 2021)

And - a great interview with Andy Norman, by Michael Shermer (in May 2021):

Mental Immunity: Infectious Ideas, Mind Parasites, and the Search for a Better Way to Think on The Michael Shermer Show / SKEPTIC Magazine

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STRUCTURED ABSTRACT (BOOK REVIEW) - by Velikovsky

Aim

(of the book Mental Immunity (Norman 2021)

To present a set of methods, practises, and protocols, for improving one's cognitive immunity.

Background

There are good - and bad - ideas.

There are good - and bad - ways of thinking.

…Here’s a remedy, for the bad ways…! ...The emerging Science of Cognitive Immunity.

If you like books by Steven Pinker, Rebecca Goldstein, Dan Dennett, Yuval Noah Harari, Jonathan Haidt, Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, and Rutger Bregman - you'll love this book too.

Taxon (of the book, Mental Immunity)

Kingdom: Written culture.

Phylum: Literature.

Class: Nonfiction

Order: Epistemology (Rationality)

Genus: Critical Thinking (Morally Responsible Believing)

Species: Cognitive Tools (Technologies) - inspired by Dawkins (1993) `Viruses of the Mind'

Breed: Mental (Cognitive) Immunity Tools

Location

USA & Global (...applies to the meme-o-sphere/the broad domain of all ideas, in general! But especially currently in the US, given The Mango Mussolini (Big Propaganda), the prevalence of QAnon(sense) conspiracy theorists, and the US Capitol Insurrection of Jan 6th 2021). Mental immune systems are under siege en masse, from mind-viruses worldwide.

Methods

A brief history of Philosophy/Epistemology (examining the key turns in: Socrates, Plato, Hume, and Clifford), and, good and bad ways of thinking.

An argument, series of case studies, and supporting illuminating analogies and anecdotes, illustrating many crucial methods of improving human cognitive immunity.

Examinations of good ideas (e.g. objective truth, science, rationality, reasoning, Enlightenment Values, good morals/ethics, etc.), and - conversely - bad ideas [infectious bad ideas, mental parasites, irresponsible subjective values],(conspiracy theories, ideologies, religions, cults, fake news, etc.)

Results

A terrific new set of tools that anyone can use right away to improve their own cognitive health & cognitive immunity, including many helpful and positive ways to engage with `irrational believers', and to resolve problematic differences to enhance global thinking.

Conclusions

A great mind-vaccine...

A path to better reasons !

Also - It will even make you happier!

(Empirical evidence shows: People with an open mind/growth mindset are happier.)

(...In short, you absolutely should read it!)

Brilliantly-written, this work a terrific read throughout, and the Tools it contains and explains will vastly improve your cognitive immunity - i.e., Resistance to bad ideas-! Truly enlightening, and a great contribution to domains of Philosophy, Epistemology, and Cognition. A must-read way to upgrade your (and your friends' and loved ones') cognitive functioning.

-----//-----

REFERENCES

Norman, A. (2021). Mental Immunity: Infectious Ideas, Mind-Parasites, and the Search for a Better Way to Think. Harper Wave.

Dawkins, R. (1991). Viruses of the Mind. (book chapter) In B. Dahlbom (Ed.), Dennett and His Critics: Demystifying Mind (pp. 13-27). Blackwell.

-------//-------

Mental Immunity (Norman 2021)

More information at: Andy Norman's website

And see also: Andy Norman's Examined Lives

FIN

-----//-----

Well, that's about all we have time for, folks!
You have been reading / viewing a blog-post by:
Dr. J T Velikovsky Ph.D

(aka: Velikovsky of Newcastle)
Information Scientist & Systems Scientist & AI Researcher & Enthusiast & Evolutionary Culturologist & Filmmaker & Writer & Artist & Actor & Muso & Random Guy
(and, also The StoryAlity Guy)
aka Humanimal
(or, The Artist formally known as Dr J T Velikovsky)

More stuff:

Transmedia Blog: On Writering
IMDb (Movies, Videogames):

Music: Texas Radio & Zen Stupidity
Youtube channel: https://www.youtube.com/joeteevee (over 100 videos, some are even: good)

Academia page: https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/JTVelikovsky

Researchgate page: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jt_Velikovsky

My ouvre... etc etc.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6741-066X
Forthcoming book (November 2021): https://www.igi-global.com/book/principles-protocols-practices-evolutionary-culturology/267379

--------------//---------------

-----//-----

--//--

Post Script.

Also, if Values are of interest, perhaps see, this Big List of 268 Values I compiled... (...No doubt, many more exist! :)

And see, The EthiSizer:

The EthiSizer (...monitoring the world's ethics)

--------------------

View more on Joe Velikovsky's website »

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Published on May 11, 2021 20:10

Short Book Review: ScienceBites (Jagers 2019)

Short Book Review: ScienceBites (Jagers 2019)

Review by JT Velikovsky

April 2021

~~~~~~~~~

So I just read this great book:

Science Bites (Jagers 2019)

And it's a terrific read. It's a short book, and divided into short, easy-to-read chapters, for a general (and, scientific!) audience. I very highly recommend it!
Here's the Abstract from the book's webpage:

`In science, concepts such as organism, evolution and life, are used almost every day. Every scientist knows the general meaning of such concepts. At the same time, nature is complex, and for this reason, it is difficult to draw stringent lines around classes of things. Scientists therefore accept the use of so called 'working definitions' for many concepts. It is frequently advocated that working on definitions has little use for practical research.
This book explores a different viewpoint, in which definitions are compared with tools. If your toolbox contains too few tools, tools that are worn down, or tools that don't fit, it becomes difficult to carry out even the most easy maintenance or repair job. Experts know: suitable tools make the work easier.
The aim of this book is to examine much-used concepts in science as if these are tools in a scientific toolbox. Do the current definitions represent quality tools? To explore this question, this book uses a recently developed hierarchy theory, the operator theory, as a reference. This theory is explained in the first chapter. Whenever the analyses suggest to do so, the ScienceBites offer directions for improvement of current definitions.
Keywords: life sciences, scientific concepts, operator theory, philosophy, innovation, Darwin'

Source: Science Bites book webpage
Definitions of key concepts do change over time; this book (rightly!) takes the view that definitions are just some of the tools we use in science. (And of course, in everyday life; as all of life is doing science !) And sometimes the tools need sharpening!
Just a few key outstanding points of this great work (in my view):
Jager's Operator Theory! A great controbution to systems science, in my view. [And over 20 years of work/research by Jagers] (...in short, dual closure: a process systems loop, and a containing layer [a structural loop])An improvement in scala naturaeDifferentiation between: gene, replicator, vehicle, interactor, and operator (noting: Dawkins' `meme' theory, 1976)The organism (eg cell) as the unit of organism; DNA is not useful outside the system of a cellAn extremely useful extension/expansion of Waddington's `operator' concept!Operator theory defines unity! A useful tool for examining unitsDual closure, which applies to not just cells and organisms (multicellular and pluricellular, endosymbiont cells, and neural network organisms) but also - atoms and molecules!A super-useful definition: `Every unit that is defined by dual closure is called an operator.’ (Jagers 2019, p 24)

So `genes and a body' taken together are: an operator! There is dual closure (of structure, and function/process).. genes are not the only `unit' of inheritance! (see also: cell membrane and cell plasma!... see also protozloan mitochondria, and chloroplasts!) - all these insights by Jagers are crucial tools for understanding systems/units/evolution, in my view. (And are helpful with my own understanding of both hierarchies, and HOLARCHY/partarchies, in both biology and culture. (For more detail on cultural evolution, if of interest, see my forthcoming book, P3 of EC ) Host cells as units of selectionThere are over 100 definitions of `life'! (Jagers 2019, p. 27)A helpful clarifcation on the utility of definitions (What are they, what problems do they solve, and how)A definition of organism: `every operator of a kind that is at least as complex as the cell' (p. 40)A terrific examination of the concept of evolution from Darwin's Origin (1859); Jagers rightly notes, the commonly understood Darwinian concept of evolution is `descent with modification through variation and selection' (Jagers 2019, p. 44)... Jagers rightly notes neither an organism nor a species can `evolve' in those terms (please read the book for the detail, I am summarizing here, and I know it may sound illogical in such a compressed/condensed format!)In fact as a huge fan of Darwin (as is Jagers!) here's a quote from the Origin (6th ed, Darwin 1876), from the brilliant Darwin Online site:

CHAPTER IV.

NATURAL SELECTION; OR THE SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST.

Natural Selection—its power compared with man's selection—its power on characters of trifling importance—its power at all ages and on both sexes—Sexual Selection—On the generality of intercrosses between individuals of the same species—Circumstances favourable and unfavourable to the results of Natural Selection, namely, intercrossing, isolation, number of individuals—Slow action—Extinction caused by Natural Selection—Divergence of Character, related to the diversity of inhabitants of any small area, and to naturalisation—Action of Natural Selection, through Divergence of Character, and Extinction, on the descendants from a common parent—Explains the grouping of all organic beings—Advance in organisation—Low forms preserved—Convergence of character—Indefinite multiplication of species—Summary.

How will the struggle for existence, briefly discussed in the last chapter, act in regard to variation? Can the principle of selection, which we have seen is so potent in the hands of man, apply under nature? I think we shall see that it can act most efficiently. Let the endless number of slight variations and individual differences occurring in our domestic productions, and, in a lesser degree, in those under nature, be borne in mind; as well as the strength of the hereditary tendency. Under domestication, it may be truly said that the whole organisation becomes in some degree plastic. But the variability, which we almost universally meet with in our domestic productions, is not directly produced, as Hooker and Asa Gray have well remarked, by man; he can neither originate varieties, nor prevent their occurrence; he can only preserve and accumulate such as do occur. Unintentionally he exposes organic beings to new and changing conditions of life, and variability ensues; but similar changes of conditions of life, and variability ensues; but similar changes of conditions might and do occur under nature. Let it also be borne in mind how infinitely complex and close-fitting are the mutual relations of all organic beings to each other and to their physical conditions of life; and consequently what infinitely varied diversities of structure might be of use to each being under changing conditions of life. Can it, then, be thought improbable, seeing that variations useful to man have

[page] 63

undoubtedly occurred, that other variations useful in some way to each being in the great and complex battle of life, should occur in the course of many successive generations? If such do occur, can we doubt (remembering that many more individuals are born than can possibly survive) that individuals having any advantage, however slight, over others, would have the best chance of surviving and of procreating their kind? On the other hand, we may feel sure that any variation in the least degree injurious would be rigidly destroyed. This preservation of favourable individual differences and variations, and the destruction of those which are injurious, I have called Natural Selection, or the Survival of the Fittest.Variations neither useful nor injurious would not be affected by natural selection, and would be left either a fluctuating element, as perhaps we see in certain polymorphic species, or would ultimately become fixed, owing to the nature of the organism and the nature of the conditions.

Origin, 6th Ed, Darwin 1876, pp. 62-63

Jagers (2019) raises some absolutely crucial points regarding the common understanding of evolution, which (in a nutshell) summarizes down to this great point (bold emphasis mine, below)

“…only offspring production classifies as a process, while variation and selection classify as assessments… Darwinian evolution can be defined as the combination of one process and two assessments.” (Jagers 2019, p. 48)

and

“Darwinian evolution, classifies as a pattern” (p. 48)

i.e. A process is in fact different to a pattern... These great insights (including Jagers' operator theory) are the sort of thing to be found in Science Bites, and I highly recommend reading it.

Back to a summary of key concepts in the book (Jagers 2019):

A new view of evolutionary transitions (examining Maynard Smith & Szathmary 1995), i.e. replicating molecules to populations of moleculesunlinked replicators to chromosomesRNA as gene & enzyme to DNA & protein (genetic code) Prokaryotes to EukaryotesAsexual clones to sexual populationsSolitary individuals to colonies (non reproductive)Primate societies to human societies (language)(See: Jagers 2019, p. 64)

Big History, and eras vs. epochs; Systems vs. regimes (Jagers brings a new clarity and consistency to these terms)Operators and Interaction systems... Species as man-made categories(!)... examining the very concept of species: Does it exist?Levels in hierarchies - first, examining Ernst Mayr's statement:

`The complexity of living systems exists at every hierarchical level, from the nucleus, to the cell, to any organ system (kidney, liver, brain), to the individual, to the species, to the ecosystem, the society' (Mayr cited in Jagers 2019, p. 84)

Dual closure: functional and structural closure as defining a unit (Jagers 2019, p. 86)Self, information and unity - dual closure causes a self (p. 88)“The term `meaning’ generally refers to a change in uncertainty in a decision process.” (p. 88)Four dimensions as DICE (Dispersal, Information, Construction, Energy) for checking completeness of a scientific model of interaction systems (p. 93)Popper on black swans (falsifiability)Jagers also presents a very useful list of some internal and external criteria for doing science:Internal: personal attitude, generality, efficiency of reasoning, logical consistency, terminology, data (and for experimental/observational sciences) - mental groupings and classifications, repeatability and verification, falsifiability and improvement, causal explanations, & existence.External: the exchange of ideas, grant applications, citation numbers, ability to present a theory, the profitability of a theory, the fit of the new idea/theory with the zeitgeist, patenting, and societal/technological implications (see Jagers 2019, pp. 104-7) Jagers also discusses extensions of evolution (e.g. the extended evolutionary synthesis)Also fruitfully discussed are:Organisms vs holobionts (and, hologenomes!), andOrganisms vs Superorganisms (ant colonies, beehives, etc) - (and neural network organisms, aka `memons')... and extending the issue (or problem) to cities, companies, etcSelf-organization & the principle of least action, and Adrian Bejan's `constructal law' in self-organizationLimitations of ScienceBeyond postmodernismThe virtues of: Simplicity, scalability and generality

In short, a terrific book. Very helpful with my own thinking on hierarchies - and even the exciting enterprise of Science in general! Highly recommended.

See also Gerard's papers and books on operator theory, at The Operator Theory website:

--------------//---------------
Well, that's about all we have time for, folks.
You have been reading / viewing a blog-post by: Dr J T Velikovsky Ph.D

(aka: Velikovsky of Newcastle) Information Scientist & Systems Scientist & AI Researcher & Enthusiast & Evolutionary Culturologist
More information:
Transmedia Blog: On Writering
IMDb (Movies, Videogames):
YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/joeteevee (over 100 videos, some are even: good)
Academia.edu page: https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/JTVelikovsky
Researchgate page: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jt_Velikovsky
JTV's ouvre... etc etc.
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6741-066X
& Forthcoming book P3 of EC (November 2021): https://www.igi-global.com/book/principles-protocols-practices-evolutionary-culturology/267379

------------------------------------------

View more on Joe Velikovsky's website »

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Published on April 24, 2021 09:05