David Tickner's Blog, page 41
October 7, 2020
Foreman, Forewoman
The word foreman, meaning a leader, is an English word from the early 13th century. The ‘fore’ prefix means ‘before in time, rank, position’.
In the 1530s, a foreman was the principal juror and spokesperson for the jury in a trial. In the 1570s, a foreman also referred to the principal workman on a job site, often the worker in charge of other workers. Words in other Indo-European languages similar in meaning to foreman include Dutch voorman, German Vormann, and Danish formand.
The term forewoman, from 1620, also refers to a leading position on a jury. Forelady, also in reference to juries, is from 1867; and, in reference to the workplace is from 1888. Today the term forewoman is used.
You may (or may not) also be interested to know that in the 17th century foreman was a slang word for penis.
It may also be worth mentioning that in Thomas Aquinas’s 13th century hierarchy of angels (nine levels of angels ranked from highest to lowest), the ‘angel’ is the lowest level, closest to people. The second lowest level in the hierarchy of angels, just above the angel, is the archangel (arch = ruler + angelos = messenger). The archangel is the supervisor, so to speak, of angels, and so is like the shop foreman or forewoman in the angel hierarchy. Just so you know, the cherubim and seraphim are the top senior management levels of angels.
Aren’t you glad you read this?! Now you know!
Reference: Online Etymological Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/
In the 1530s, a foreman was the principal juror and spokesperson for the jury in a trial. In the 1570s, a foreman also referred to the principal workman on a job site, often the worker in charge of other workers. Words in other Indo-European languages similar in meaning to foreman include Dutch voorman, German Vormann, and Danish formand.
The term forewoman, from 1620, also refers to a leading position on a jury. Forelady, also in reference to juries, is from 1867; and, in reference to the workplace is from 1888. Today the term forewoman is used.
You may (or may not) also be interested to know that in the 17th century foreman was a slang word for penis.
It may also be worth mentioning that in Thomas Aquinas’s 13th century hierarchy of angels (nine levels of angels ranked from highest to lowest), the ‘angel’ is the lowest level, closest to people. The second lowest level in the hierarchy of angels, just above the angel, is the archangel (arch = ruler + angelos = messenger). The archangel is the supervisor, so to speak, of angels, and so is like the shop foreman or forewoman in the angel hierarchy. Just so you know, the cherubim and seraphim are the top senior management levels of angels.
Aren’t you glad you read this?! Now you know!
Reference: Online Etymological Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/
October 4, 2020
Idiot
Usually we think of an idiot as someone who is very foolish or stupid.In the field of mental health, the term idiot was once commonly used to describe a person with the mental ability equal or inferior to a two-year old child. However, the term idiot and other terms such as moron and imbecile are no longer used by mental health professionals.
Similarly, the term ‘idiot savant’ is no longer used to describe someone who, while mentally challenged, also possesses some remarkable mental ability such as memorization or rapid mathematical calculation. This condition is now known as the ‘savant syndrome’.
These outdated meanings are a long way from the original meanings of the word idiot.
Idiot can be traced back to the ancient Proto-Indo-European (PIE) roots swedyos and swe (something personal, distinct, one’s own) which are the source of Greek idio and idios, also meaning something personal and one’s own, but with the additional sense that this something was a bit peculiar or unusual. A person who possessed such idiosyncratic or even eccentric characteristics was known as an idiotes.
A couple of examples from classical Greece illustrate this sense of the word idiotes. First, at that time, the most common form of oral and, later, written cultural expression was poetry. A person who for some strange reason preferred prose rather than poetry was known as an idiotes.
Second, the classical period of Greece is well-known as the time and place when the concept of democracy was beginning to take form; i.e., the notion that by discussion and voting each citizen can participate in making decisions which affect the life of the community. It was considered a high honor for a person to be elected by fellow citizens to hold public office in the community. (It should be noted that these citizens were men—not women, children, or slaves). Occasionally, some laymen, for personal or idiosyncratic reasons, did not participate in the democratic process. Such people were known as idiotes.
In this context, an idiotes was a person with their own peculiar set of values and priorities—a person who chose to be outside the mainstream of social and cultural life.
Related words include idiom, idiopathic, idiosyncrasy, and idiotic.
Reference: Online Etymological Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/
October 1, 2020
Intuition
Do you ever have a gut feeling or hunch about something? Does your body talk to you?The word intuition comes from Latin tueri, tuitus (to watch over, look at) and tutorem (guardian, watcher). Latin tuitionem meant a looking after, a caring for, watching over, protection, guardianship.
The word intuition is formed by adding the Latin prefix in- (in) to Latin tueri to make intueri (to look inward, to consider). From this, come the later Latin nouns intuitionem and intuitio (a looking at, a consideration). By the mid-15th century the word intuicioun (insight, direct or immediate cognition, spiritual perception) is first seen in English and later written as intuition.
The current common use and sense of the verb ‘to intuit’ meaning to perceive directly without reasoning or to know by immediate sense perception or feeling is from 1840. A related term noumenon (from Greek noos = mind, thought), as opposed to phenomenon, is a concept introduced by Immanuel Kant in 1796 and means “that which can be the object only of a purely intellectual intuition.” A noumenon is a product or result of intuiting. [If you want more information on noumenon, noesis, the numinous, or the noetic, try Philosophy 101 next door!)
In sum, when we say that we trust our intuitions, we are saying that we trust some ‘inner’ watchman or guardian, our ‘inner voice’ or, perhaps, our inner tutor, guide, or coach.
Intuition is also related to the word tutor. Both come from Latin tueri.
Reference: Online Etymological Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/
Fisher
I used to think that fisher was a made-up gender-neutral word so that we did not have to say fisherman or fisherwoman anymore. No. Fisher is the original word.
The origin of the word fish is not certain; however, perhaps it comes from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) root pisk (fish) and Proto-Germanic fiskaz, the source of words such as Old Saxon and Old High German fisc, Old Norse fiskr, Dutch vis, German Fisch, and Old English fisc—all meaning fish. The closer a word is to heart and home, it seems that the less it changes over the centuries.
The word Old English word fiscere meant both a fisherman and a kingfisher. Only in the 1520s do we see the word fisherman. The first known use of the word fisherwoman is from 1816.
Reference: Online Etymological Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/
The origin of the word fish is not certain; however, perhaps it comes from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) root pisk (fish) and Proto-Germanic fiskaz, the source of words such as Old Saxon and Old High German fisc, Old Norse fiskr, Dutch vis, German Fisch, and Old English fisc—all meaning fish. The closer a word is to heart and home, it seems that the less it changes over the centuries.
The word Old English word fiscere meant both a fisherman and a kingfisher. Only in the 1520s do we see the word fisherman. The first known use of the word fisherwoman is from 1816.
Reference: Online Etymological Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/
September 27, 2020
Genius
How is your genius doing these days? Do you chat every now and then?!
Genius is one of numerous words emerging from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) root gene (to give birth, to beget). In particular, genius comes from PIE gen(e)-yo and Latin gens (generative power, inborn nature).
In Latin, genius means a guardian deity or spirit which watches over each person from birth. It also means spirit, incarnation, wit, talent, and prophetic skill. In the late 14th century, the word genius came to English meaning a tutelary or moral spirit which guides and governs an individual through life. [The Arabic term jinn (genie) has similar connotations to Latin genius. Also, the word engineer comes from the word ingenious. But I digress.]
The ancient Greeks used the term daemon to describe such a guardian deity or guide. A daemon was the spirit of a dead person who returned to life as the guardian spirit of a person about to be born, a spirit that guided the person toward their destiny. Each person was born with such a spirit. A daemon is not to be confused with a demon.
Genius, as a characteristic disposition of a person, is from the 1580s. Genius, meaning a person of natural intelligence or talent and of exalted natural mental ability, is from the 1640s. Note the subtle shift in meaning at this time from ‘everyone has a genius’ to ‘everyone has the possibility of being a genius’. Which raises the question: is a genius born or made?
How interesting to me that ancient peoples believed that each person was born with a ‘genius’ or ‘daemon’, a guiding spirit (or guardian angel, if you like) that guided them through life. Today, perhaps, we might call our experience or sense of this as our inner voice or intuition or perhaps conscience.
Reference: Online Etymological Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/
Genius is one of numerous words emerging from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) root gene (to give birth, to beget). In particular, genius comes from PIE gen(e)-yo and Latin gens (generative power, inborn nature).
In Latin, genius means a guardian deity or spirit which watches over each person from birth. It also means spirit, incarnation, wit, talent, and prophetic skill. In the late 14th century, the word genius came to English meaning a tutelary or moral spirit which guides and governs an individual through life. [The Arabic term jinn (genie) has similar connotations to Latin genius. Also, the word engineer comes from the word ingenious. But I digress.]
The ancient Greeks used the term daemon to describe such a guardian deity or guide. A daemon was the spirit of a dead person who returned to life as the guardian spirit of a person about to be born, a spirit that guided the person toward their destiny. Each person was born with such a spirit. A daemon is not to be confused with a demon.
Genius, as a characteristic disposition of a person, is from the 1580s. Genius, meaning a person of natural intelligence or talent and of exalted natural mental ability, is from the 1640s. Note the subtle shift in meaning at this time from ‘everyone has a genius’ to ‘everyone has the possibility of being a genius’. Which raises the question: is a genius born or made?
How interesting to me that ancient peoples believed that each person was born with a ‘genius’ or ‘daemon’, a guiding spirit (or guardian angel, if you like) that guided them through life. Today, perhaps, we might call our experience or sense of this as our inner voice or intuition or perhaps conscience.
Reference: Online Etymological Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/
September 24, 2020
Apple
Did you know that the Latin word for apple and the Latin word for evil are the same word? Yup. Did you know that a cucumber used to be called an ‘earth apple’, not to be confused with a ‘road apple’?
The word apple is almost unchanged from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) word abel (apple) and Proto-Germanic apalaz which is the source of Old Saxon, Old Frisian, Dutch appel, Old Norse eple, Old High German apful, and German Apfel.
When Old English appel appeared, it was a generic term for any kind of fruit other than berries. For example, Old English fingerappla meant dates (literally, finger apples) and appel of paradis meant banana. The word pineapple is a remnant of this old pattern.
Some vegetables didn’t escape this apple connection; e.g., eorpaeppla was the aforementioned cucumber. In French, an ‘earth apple’ is a pomme de terre (i.e., a potato).
So, what’s the connection between apples and evil? Did someone mention the Biblical Garden of Eden? The connection between apples and evil is the result of a pun created in the 4th century CE by Jerome, the translator of the Latin Vulgate Bible from Greek and Hebrew, an opinionated and short-tempered man who also apparently had a sense of humour.
In brief, in the Garden of Eden story, Adam eats the fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. There is no mention of apples. The generic Hebrew word for fruit was peri. When translating peri into Latin, Jerome chose the word malus, a word which was both the noun malus (the generic word for fruit) and the adjective malus, also malum, (evil). Malus the fruit and malus the evil looked the same in writing but were pronounced slightly differently in speech. Hence the pun (“Want some fruit?” Nudge, nudge, wink, wink).
Centuries later, in English versions of the Bible, apple, the generic term for fruit, was used when translating Latin malus. Hence the connection between the words apple and evil.
Finally, representations of actual apples do not appear in the religious art and literature of Western Europe until the 16th and 17th centuries.
Reference: Online Etymological Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple
https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/04/30/526069512/paradise-lost-how-the-apple-became-the-forbidden-fruit
https://medium.com/the-philipendium/a-web-of-word-connections-apple-94f9e95ec0b6
The word apple is almost unchanged from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) word abel (apple) and Proto-Germanic apalaz which is the source of Old Saxon, Old Frisian, Dutch appel, Old Norse eple, Old High German apful, and German Apfel.
When Old English appel appeared, it was a generic term for any kind of fruit other than berries. For example, Old English fingerappla meant dates (literally, finger apples) and appel of paradis meant banana. The word pineapple is a remnant of this old pattern.
Some vegetables didn’t escape this apple connection; e.g., eorpaeppla was the aforementioned cucumber. In French, an ‘earth apple’ is a pomme de terre (i.e., a potato).
So, what’s the connection between apples and evil? Did someone mention the Biblical Garden of Eden? The connection between apples and evil is the result of a pun created in the 4th century CE by Jerome, the translator of the Latin Vulgate Bible from Greek and Hebrew, an opinionated and short-tempered man who also apparently had a sense of humour.
In brief, in the Garden of Eden story, Adam eats the fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. There is no mention of apples. The generic Hebrew word for fruit was peri. When translating peri into Latin, Jerome chose the word malus, a word which was both the noun malus (the generic word for fruit) and the adjective malus, also malum, (evil). Malus the fruit and malus the evil looked the same in writing but were pronounced slightly differently in speech. Hence the pun (“Want some fruit?” Nudge, nudge, wink, wink).
Centuries later, in English versions of the Bible, apple, the generic term for fruit, was used when translating Latin malus. Hence the connection between the words apple and evil.
Finally, representations of actual apples do not appear in the religious art and literature of Western Europe until the 16th and 17th centuries.
Reference: Online Etymological Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple
https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/04/30/526069512/paradise-lost-how-the-apple-became-the-forbidden-fruit
https://medium.com/the-philipendium/a-web-of-word-connections-apple-94f9e95ec0b6
September 21, 2020
Firefighter
Did you know that the word firefighter has its origins in words meaning to comb or pluck or pull hair?
Fire
The word fire has its origins in two Proto-Indo-European (PIE) words for fire. First, PIE paewr referred to fire as an inanimate substance. Second, PIE egni referred to fire as an animate living force (egni is the source of Latin ignis and words such as ignite, ignition, igneous, and so on).
The English word fire comes from PIE paewr (the root of pyro; as in, pyrotechnics or pyromaniac) which is the source of Proto-Germanic fur, the origin of words such as Old Saxon fiur, Old Norse furr, Dutch vurr, German Feuer, and Old English fyr.
Fighter
The word fight comes from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) root pek (to comb, to pluck out wool or hair). PIE pek is the source of Proto-Germanic feuhta from which come words such as Old High German fehtan, German fechten, Dutch vechten, Old Frisian fiutha, all meaning to fight. From these sources comes Old English feohtan (to combat, contend with weapons, strive, attack, gain by fighting) and feohtere (fighter).
Firefighter
The word firefighter is from 1895.
A fireman (someone who tends a fire) is from the late 14th century. A fireman, as the furnace tender of a steam engine, is from the 1650s. Fireman as a person hired to put out fires (rather than tend them) is from 1714.
Fire-bell is from the 1620s. Fire company (men who manage a fire engine) is American English from 1744. Fire-escape is from 1788. Fire department, a branch of local government, is from 1805. The theory of a fire-alarm as a self-acting, mechanical device is from 1808; practical versions of fire-alarms appeared in the early 1830s. Fire extinguisher is from 1826. Fire station 1828. Fire brigade 1838. Firewall 1851. Fire hall 1867. Fire chief 1877.
Reference: Online Etymological Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/
Fire
The word fire has its origins in two Proto-Indo-European (PIE) words for fire. First, PIE paewr referred to fire as an inanimate substance. Second, PIE egni referred to fire as an animate living force (egni is the source of Latin ignis and words such as ignite, ignition, igneous, and so on).
The English word fire comes from PIE paewr (the root of pyro; as in, pyrotechnics or pyromaniac) which is the source of Proto-Germanic fur, the origin of words such as Old Saxon fiur, Old Norse furr, Dutch vurr, German Feuer, and Old English fyr.
Fighter
The word fight comes from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) root pek (to comb, to pluck out wool or hair). PIE pek is the source of Proto-Germanic feuhta from which come words such as Old High German fehtan, German fechten, Dutch vechten, Old Frisian fiutha, all meaning to fight. From these sources comes Old English feohtan (to combat, contend with weapons, strive, attack, gain by fighting) and feohtere (fighter).
Firefighter
The word firefighter is from 1895.
A fireman (someone who tends a fire) is from the late 14th century. A fireman, as the furnace tender of a steam engine, is from the 1650s. Fireman as a person hired to put out fires (rather than tend them) is from 1714.
Fire-bell is from the 1620s. Fire company (men who manage a fire engine) is American English from 1744. Fire-escape is from 1788. Fire department, a branch of local government, is from 1805. The theory of a fire-alarm as a self-acting, mechanical device is from 1808; practical versions of fire-alarms appeared in the early 1830s. Fire extinguisher is from 1826. Fire station 1828. Fire brigade 1838. Firewall 1851. Fire hall 1867. Fire chief 1877.
Reference: Online Etymological Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/
September 19, 2020
Tutor
If a teacher teaches and an instructor instructs, does a tutor toot? Sorry! The word tutor originally meant a night watchman or security guard.
The word tutor comes from Latin tueri, tuitus (to watch over, look at) and tutorem (guardian, watcher). Before this the origins of the word are uncertain.
Latin tuitionem meant looking after, caring for, watching over, protection, guardianship. A tutor was a guardian or protector. Tuition was the money paid to a watchman or guardian for protection. From these Latin roots, the word tuition (protection, care, custody) came to English in the early 15th century via 13th century Anglo-French tuycioun and Old French tuicion (guardianship).
The word tutor (guardian, custodian) came to English in the late 14th century from 13th century Old French tuteor (guardian, private teacher). The use of tutor as teacher or coach appears in the 1580s; in particular, a tutor was “a senior boy in a school appointed to help a junior in his studies” [sic; I recognize the use of ‘boy’ and ‘his’ in the context of schools for boys and young men at that time]. The verb tutor is from the 1590s.
Perhaps it is not surprising that the word tutor appears at the height of the Western European Reformation in the 16th and 17th centuries. During this time, tutoring as guarding had become more and more to mean the specific guarding or taking care of a student’s education and upbringing. A tutor guarded and guided education so that the right things were learned in the right way in order that the student did not get sidetracked or distracted in their learning, particularly with regard to their religious life.
Tuition, meaning the meaning money paid for instruction (1828), is short for tuition fees.
Tutor is also related to the word intuition (inner guardian). Both words come from Latin tueri.
Reference: Online Etymological Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/
The word tutor comes from Latin tueri, tuitus (to watch over, look at) and tutorem (guardian, watcher). Before this the origins of the word are uncertain.
Latin tuitionem meant looking after, caring for, watching over, protection, guardianship. A tutor was a guardian or protector. Tuition was the money paid to a watchman or guardian for protection. From these Latin roots, the word tuition (protection, care, custody) came to English in the early 15th century via 13th century Anglo-French tuycioun and Old French tuicion (guardianship).
The word tutor (guardian, custodian) came to English in the late 14th century from 13th century Old French tuteor (guardian, private teacher). The use of tutor as teacher or coach appears in the 1580s; in particular, a tutor was “a senior boy in a school appointed to help a junior in his studies” [sic; I recognize the use of ‘boy’ and ‘his’ in the context of schools for boys and young men at that time]. The verb tutor is from the 1590s.
Perhaps it is not surprising that the word tutor appears at the height of the Western European Reformation in the 16th and 17th centuries. During this time, tutoring as guarding had become more and more to mean the specific guarding or taking care of a student’s education and upbringing. A tutor guarded and guided education so that the right things were learned in the right way in order that the student did not get sidetracked or distracted in their learning, particularly with regard to their religious life.
Tuition, meaning the meaning money paid for instruction (1828), is short for tuition fees.
Tutor is also related to the word intuition (inner guardian). Both words come from Latin tueri.
Reference: Online Etymological Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/
September 11, 2020
Touch, Touching
Touch, a word associated with the senses, has a multitude of meanings and uses. The verb ‘to touch’ comes from Latin toccare (to knock, to strike, to strike a bell); touch is something that gets your attention. From Latin comes Old French tochier (to touch, hit, knock, mention, deal with) and, in the late 13th century, the word touch comes to English.The verb touch is used in many ways. Touch, meaning ‘to border on’ or ‘to mention or describe’, is from the 14th century. Touch, meaning to bring into physical contact, to perceive by physical contact, to examine by touch is also from the 14th century. Our senses are the ways in which we touch and are touched by things in our environment.
In addition to the senses, to be ‘touched’ is to be affected or moved mentally or emotionally or spiritually; i.e., the mind or heart has been touched. This use of the verb touch is also from the 14th century. The word ‘touching’, meaning something affecting the emotions, is from around 1600.
The word touch is used in many ways to describe ways in which we are so touched. I’ll now touch on some of these. The noun touch, from around 1300, comes from Old French toche (touch, a touching, a blow, an attack). Touch, meaning a slight attack (of an illness; e.g., ‘a touch of the flu’) is from the 1660s. To be ‘in touch’ or ‘out of touch’ is from 1884. Touch, in the sense of a skill or aptitude in some topic (e.g., art, music), is from 1927. To call someone a ‘soft touch’; i.e., easily manipulated, is from 1940.
Touch and go. Touchdown. Touch a chord. Touch base. The common touch. To lose one’s touch. Magic touch. Don’t be so touchy. Final touch. Touch up. Touch a nerve. Lose touch. A touch of class. I wouldn’t touch it with a ten-foot pole.
Does any of this ring a bell with you?
Also: Touchy, Elizabeth Bradfield
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/07/elizabeth-bradfield-touchy/612262/
Reference: Online Etymological Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/
September 8, 2020
Insomnia
The origin of the word insomnia is found in the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) root swep (to sleep). PIE swep is the origin of words such as hypnosis, somnambulate (sleepwalking), soporific, and so on.
Insomnia, the chronic inability to sleep, comes to English in the 1620s from Latin insomnia (want of sleep, sleeplessness) from insomnis; i.e., in (not) + somnus (sleep) from PIE swep. A person with insomnia is an insomniac, a term from 1879.
I usually think of insomnia as a medical condition; i.e., something is ‘wrong’ or needs to be ‘fixed’ in an insomniac, notably something to be fixed with drugs.
However, the fact that the word insomnia has existed unchanged from ancient Latin until now suggests that people have always had insomnia to one degree or another. Perhaps, dare I say, insomnia might even be normal even though it is no joke. When you are engaged in the world and in your life, there are going to be things that keep you awake at night. Dark thoughts like to emerge unheralded and unwanted in the dark night.
To me, the problem in not necessarily insomnia but the fact that you have to get up in the morning. You have to go to work or care for your family or deal with some troubling situation.
If you can’t sleep and you’re up wandering around the house, consider taking a few minutes to read James Parker’s funny and insightful article, “Ode to Insomia”, on the back page of the recent Atlantic magazine (July/August 2020). Wait and watch. Have a mini-vigil. Go back to bed.
Reference: Online Etymological Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/07/an-ode-to-insomnia/612274/
Insomnia, the chronic inability to sleep, comes to English in the 1620s from Latin insomnia (want of sleep, sleeplessness) from insomnis; i.e., in (not) + somnus (sleep) from PIE swep. A person with insomnia is an insomniac, a term from 1879.
I usually think of insomnia as a medical condition; i.e., something is ‘wrong’ or needs to be ‘fixed’ in an insomniac, notably something to be fixed with drugs.
However, the fact that the word insomnia has existed unchanged from ancient Latin until now suggests that people have always had insomnia to one degree or another. Perhaps, dare I say, insomnia might even be normal even though it is no joke. When you are engaged in the world and in your life, there are going to be things that keep you awake at night. Dark thoughts like to emerge unheralded and unwanted in the dark night.
To me, the problem in not necessarily insomnia but the fact that you have to get up in the morning. You have to go to work or care for your family or deal with some troubling situation.
If you can’t sleep and you’re up wandering around the house, consider taking a few minutes to read James Parker’s funny and insightful article, “Ode to Insomia”, on the back page of the recent Atlantic magazine (July/August 2020). Wait and watch. Have a mini-vigil. Go back to bed.
Reference: Online Etymological Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/07/an-ode-to-insomnia/612274/
