Maria Savva's Blog - Posts Tagged "proofreading"
A-Z of Self-publishing and writing tips: N-P
I'm continuing my series with a few more self-publishing and writing tips that I hope you'll find handy.
N:
Names
One thing that is very common for writers when they first start out, is the need to use capital letters for everything. I've done it, and I've read lots of books by debut novelists that have the same issue.
You only need to use a capital letter at the start of a proper name, place name, or the brand name for something, or for a title. Obviously you use capital letters for days of the week, months of the year etc., but I find the most common errors are to do with misuse with words like mum and dad, aunt and uncle -- with these types of words you only need a capital letter where it's being used as a name. A few examples to hopefully make this clearer:
Where you don't need a capital letter:
Rachel's mum was doing the ironing.
Greg's dad was watching television.
My uncle came to visit.
The queen was in the parlour.
The king was in his counting house.
I went to university with him.
I have an appointment with the doctor.
Where a capital letter is needed:
"Are you doing the ironing, Mum?" asked Rachel. (Notice the word 'mum' is being used as a name.)
"What's on TV, Dad?"
"Thanks for visiting, Uncle Bob."
The ruler of the land was Queen Elizabeth.
For fifty years, King Henry had ruled.
I went to Middlesex University.
My appointment is with Doctor Green."
Another one is God. You always use capital G for God because it is a name, assuming you are using it for the one and only God. If you are talking of multiple gods, you don't need a capital letter. Again, when you're talking of the one and only God, you would also use capital letters when referring to Him, and use He and His, when you are talking about Him.
Hopefully, I haven't thoroughly confused you now.
NaNoWriMo
I have never actually taken part in this, but have been told by fellow writers that it's an excellent way to kickstart a new project, especially if you tend to procrastinate.
It means: National Novel Writing Month, and the idea is to write a complete novel in a month. Some people (amazingly) do manage to do this. Others don't, but those that don't finish often say that they are pleased they took part as they now have the beginning of a novel and can continue to work on it. I am not an expert of NaNoWriMo, so I can't really add any more to this, except, here's a link to the website where you can find out more about it. It takes place every November:
http://www.nanowrimo.org/
Networking
One of the most important things you can do as a self-published writer is network with fellow writers, readers, and people involved in the book-publishing industry in some way.
I have mentioned the forum, Bestsellerbound.com, where I am lucky enough to have met many supportive and talented independent writers. The great thing about having a support network is that you can get help when you need it, and two heads are better than one when it comes to finding ways to promote.
Find a writers group that you are happy with, and stay connected.
Twitter is also a great place to meet other writers, I have found (writers tend to follow fellow writers). I've also signed up to the World Literary Cafe Twitter Follows, here: http://www.worldlitcafe.com/, where you follow other Twitter users and they follow back. A good way to build a following, and network with other writers.
O:
Okay and OK
Many writers seem to be very confused about this word. I find variations, including ok, Ok, Okay... they are all wrong (except the last one if it's at the beginning of a sentence and needs the capital O.)
The only two correct ways of writing OK are:
OK and okay
OK????
P:
Podcasts
Increasingly, authors are using podcast interviews as a way to promote their work.
Two internet podcasts that I have appeared on are Tweep Nation, and Blue Bonnets, Bagpipes & Books.
I am still quite reluctant to agree to do podcast interviews, because I always get very nervous. However, if you like that sort of thing, I'd recommend the two podcasts listed above. There are many more similar opportunities if you search around the Internet.
Promotion
What are the best ways to promote? That is the million dollar question. I am not sure that there is a way to promote your books to make sure you get sales. The nearest I've got to success was when I did the last KDP Select free promotion of my book Coincidences. There is no doubt that the Amazon KDP Select programme increases the visibility of books on the Amazon website. However, I have found that the only way to be sure of lots of downloads is to promote using the free days. i.e. give your books away. I had about 14,000 downloads in my last free promotion. For about a month after the promotion the book was selling well, but it appears to have died down. I think because there are so many books on Amazon, and so many being given away free each day, in order for your book to be noticed it has to be quite high up in the bestselling lists. The free promotion goes some way to helping this, but after the promotion dies down, sales do too. The benefit of giving away so many free books though, is that when people read your book, if they like it, they will go on to buy more of your books. So, I suppose if you only have one book, I wouldn't recommend the KDP Select free promotion as a great way to advertise, but most writers have more than one book in them.
Even if you don't want to be part of the KDP Select programme, you can get your book listed free on Amazon. Author Darcia Helle has had great success from giving away one of her books free on Amazon, she continues to offer her first novel, Enemies and Playmates, free on Amazon and sales of her other books have taken off because of that. Again, this is only an option for those authors who have one or more books. The way to get your book listed free on Amazon without joining the KDP Select programme, is by listing it free on another site, e.g. Smashwords or Barnes and Noble, and then going to your book's page on Amazon and reporting the free book, by clicking the link that says: 'Tell us about a lower price'. There is no guarantee that Amazon will match the free price, but if you ask some of your readers and fellow authors to help out with reporting the free book to Amazon, there is more of a chance this will happen.
Proofreaders
I think I have already mentioned the importance of good proofreaders when preparing your book for publishing, when I was talking about Editing, in an earlier post in this series.
I will quickly mention it again, as it is so important. I would recommend that you have at least a handful of good proofreaders to check over your work for grammatical and typographical errors. There are things that your spellchecker won't pick up. For instance, where you use a word that sounds like another word e.g. their and there, it's a very common mistake to use the wrong one, not because you don't know the difference, but because the brain is a strange thing... You could accidentally have written "is" instead of "if", for example, or "of" instead of "off", "to" instead of "too". These are some of the most common mistakes I've noticed in writing. Proofreaders can often notice these things. One proofreader wouldn't notice all of them. I have found that when using 6 or 7 proofreaders they tend to find different errors, often completely missing those found by the other proofreaders, so I would never rely on just one person to check through the finished manuscript.
This leads me on to the next point I want to make:
Perfection
Although we must all strive for perfection in our writing, over the years, I have learnt that it is almost impossible to achieve it and you should not be too hard on yourself. Try to make sure that your book is error free; use an editor; proofreaders, and beta readers. Read it through yourself a few times, but realise that even after you've done all of this there will likely be 2 or 3 (if not more) typos. As a reader, I can forgive these, and I'm sure most readers can. What you don't want to produce is a book with a typo on every page, or every other page... that will frustrate your readers.
Pinterest
I'm going to quickly mention Pinterest. I have an account there and I know it's catching on, because there are P signs alongside the Google+ and FB and Twitter signs on many websites, so you can share things that you like to Pinterest.
On Pinterest, the idea is simple, you create 'Boards' containing things that you have found that are of interest on the Internet. For writers, you can use it to list your books, and links to your websites. There are also Boards that you can join where you can add your books, for example, I have joined a board called 'The World of Indie Authors' and there are links to books by many different authors.
I hope you have found some of the above helpful.
To see the other posts in this series, please follow the links below:
A-C: http://nutsandcrisps.wordpress.com/20...
D-F: http://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_...
G: http://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_...
H-J: http://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_...
K-M: http://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_...
N:
Names
One thing that is very common for writers when they first start out, is the need to use capital letters for everything. I've done it, and I've read lots of books by debut novelists that have the same issue.
You only need to use a capital letter at the start of a proper name, place name, or the brand name for something, or for a title. Obviously you use capital letters for days of the week, months of the year etc., but I find the most common errors are to do with misuse with words like mum and dad, aunt and uncle -- with these types of words you only need a capital letter where it's being used as a name. A few examples to hopefully make this clearer:
Where you don't need a capital letter:
Rachel's mum was doing the ironing.
Greg's dad was watching television.
My uncle came to visit.
The queen was in the parlour.
The king was in his counting house.
I went to university with him.
I have an appointment with the doctor.
Where a capital letter is needed:
"Are you doing the ironing, Mum?" asked Rachel. (Notice the word 'mum' is being used as a name.)
"What's on TV, Dad?"
"Thanks for visiting, Uncle Bob."
The ruler of the land was Queen Elizabeth.
For fifty years, King Henry had ruled.
I went to Middlesex University.
My appointment is with Doctor Green."
Another one is God. You always use capital G for God because it is a name, assuming you are using it for the one and only God. If you are talking of multiple gods, you don't need a capital letter. Again, when you're talking of the one and only God, you would also use capital letters when referring to Him, and use He and His, when you are talking about Him.
Hopefully, I haven't thoroughly confused you now.
NaNoWriMo
I have never actually taken part in this, but have been told by fellow writers that it's an excellent way to kickstart a new project, especially if you tend to procrastinate.
It means: National Novel Writing Month, and the idea is to write a complete novel in a month. Some people (amazingly) do manage to do this. Others don't, but those that don't finish often say that they are pleased they took part as they now have the beginning of a novel and can continue to work on it. I am not an expert of NaNoWriMo, so I can't really add any more to this, except, here's a link to the website where you can find out more about it. It takes place every November:
http://www.nanowrimo.org/
Networking
One of the most important things you can do as a self-published writer is network with fellow writers, readers, and people involved in the book-publishing industry in some way.
I have mentioned the forum, Bestsellerbound.com, where I am lucky enough to have met many supportive and talented independent writers. The great thing about having a support network is that you can get help when you need it, and two heads are better than one when it comes to finding ways to promote.
Find a writers group that you are happy with, and stay connected.
Twitter is also a great place to meet other writers, I have found (writers tend to follow fellow writers). I've also signed up to the World Literary Cafe Twitter Follows, here: http://www.worldlitcafe.com/, where you follow other Twitter users and they follow back. A good way to build a following, and network with other writers.
O:
Okay and OK
Many writers seem to be very confused about this word. I find variations, including ok, Ok, Okay... they are all wrong (except the last one if it's at the beginning of a sentence and needs the capital O.)
The only two correct ways of writing OK are:
OK and okay
OK????
P:
Podcasts
Increasingly, authors are using podcast interviews as a way to promote their work.
Two internet podcasts that I have appeared on are Tweep Nation, and Blue Bonnets, Bagpipes & Books.
I am still quite reluctant to agree to do podcast interviews, because I always get very nervous. However, if you like that sort of thing, I'd recommend the two podcasts listed above. There are many more similar opportunities if you search around the Internet.
Promotion
What are the best ways to promote? That is the million dollar question. I am not sure that there is a way to promote your books to make sure you get sales. The nearest I've got to success was when I did the last KDP Select free promotion of my book Coincidences. There is no doubt that the Amazon KDP Select programme increases the visibility of books on the Amazon website. However, I have found that the only way to be sure of lots of downloads is to promote using the free days. i.e. give your books away. I had about 14,000 downloads in my last free promotion. For about a month after the promotion the book was selling well, but it appears to have died down. I think because there are so many books on Amazon, and so many being given away free each day, in order for your book to be noticed it has to be quite high up in the bestselling lists. The free promotion goes some way to helping this, but after the promotion dies down, sales do too. The benefit of giving away so many free books though, is that when people read your book, if they like it, they will go on to buy more of your books. So, I suppose if you only have one book, I wouldn't recommend the KDP Select free promotion as a great way to advertise, but most writers have more than one book in them.
Even if you don't want to be part of the KDP Select programme, you can get your book listed free on Amazon. Author Darcia Helle has had great success from giving away one of her books free on Amazon, she continues to offer her first novel, Enemies and Playmates, free on Amazon and sales of her other books have taken off because of that. Again, this is only an option for those authors who have one or more books. The way to get your book listed free on Amazon without joining the KDP Select programme, is by listing it free on another site, e.g. Smashwords or Barnes and Noble, and then going to your book's page on Amazon and reporting the free book, by clicking the link that says: 'Tell us about a lower price'. There is no guarantee that Amazon will match the free price, but if you ask some of your readers and fellow authors to help out with reporting the free book to Amazon, there is more of a chance this will happen.
Proofreaders
I think I have already mentioned the importance of good proofreaders when preparing your book for publishing, when I was talking about Editing, in an earlier post in this series.
I will quickly mention it again, as it is so important. I would recommend that you have at least a handful of good proofreaders to check over your work for grammatical and typographical errors. There are things that your spellchecker won't pick up. For instance, where you use a word that sounds like another word e.g. their and there, it's a very common mistake to use the wrong one, not because you don't know the difference, but because the brain is a strange thing... You could accidentally have written "is" instead of "if", for example, or "of" instead of "off", "to" instead of "too". These are some of the most common mistakes I've noticed in writing. Proofreaders can often notice these things. One proofreader wouldn't notice all of them. I have found that when using 6 or 7 proofreaders they tend to find different errors, often completely missing those found by the other proofreaders, so I would never rely on just one person to check through the finished manuscript.
This leads me on to the next point I want to make:
Perfection
Although we must all strive for perfection in our writing, over the years, I have learnt that it is almost impossible to achieve it and you should not be too hard on yourself. Try to make sure that your book is error free; use an editor; proofreaders, and beta readers. Read it through yourself a few times, but realise that even after you've done all of this there will likely be 2 or 3 (if not more) typos. As a reader, I can forgive these, and I'm sure most readers can. What you don't want to produce is a book with a typo on every page, or every other page... that will frustrate your readers.
I'm going to quickly mention Pinterest. I have an account there and I know it's catching on, because there are P signs alongside the Google+ and FB and Twitter signs on many websites, so you can share things that you like to Pinterest.
On Pinterest, the idea is simple, you create 'Boards' containing things that you have found that are of interest on the Internet. For writers, you can use it to list your books, and links to your websites. There are also Boards that you can join where you can add your books, for example, I have joined a board called 'The World of Indie Authors' and there are links to books by many different authors.
I hope you have found some of the above helpful.
To see the other posts in this series, please follow the links below:
A-C: http://nutsandcrisps.wordpress.com/20...
D-F: http://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_...
G: http://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_...
H-J: http://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_...
K-M: http://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_...
A-Z of Self-publishing and writing tips: Q - S
Continuing with my series of writing and self-publishing tips, today I will be dealing with a few common mistakes writers make in their manuscripts and also giving you a list of resources for writers and readers.
Q
Quotes, quotation marks
It doesn't matter whether you use single or double quotation marks for dialogue. Double quotes are more common in American English, whereas in the UK we tend to use single quotes for dialogue. The thing to note is that where you use double quotes for dialogue, you should use single quotes when you have speech within speech, and vice versa.
An example:
'Margery said she would be coming to tea; I asked her what time and she said, "See you at four".'
"Margery said she would be coming to tea; I asked her what time and she said, 'See you at four'."
Quotation marks are often used wrongly to emphasise a word in a sentence, when italics should be used instead, e.g.:
The meal was "delicious".
Italics should be used for emphasis:
The meal was delicious.
The reason I say that this usage is incorrect in this case is because the accepted use for quotation marks in prose (when not relating to the word itself) is for irony. So for example, in the above sentence by saying "delicious" in quotes, one might assume that the narrator didn't really like the meal.
You can use quotes to single out certain words in a sentence when the emphasis is on the word itself, e.g.
If you wanted to single out the word, 'horse' in a sentence, it is acceptable to use the quotes as I have just done.
Have I confused you enough yet? Good.
Who said writing was easy?
Another other thing I want to say about quotes is that the general rule is, where you use double quotes for speech, you should use single for highlighting other words. An example:
'Where are you going?' asked Jessica.
I wanted to tell her I was going home; I was tired, and needed to sleep. To be honest, I didn't really know where "home" was.
Question marks
Incorrect use of question marks. Another common mistake. I used to do it quite a lot which is why I'm an expert. (Having said that, I still do it quite a lot in my first drafts... )
Question marks should only be used at the end of a sentence when a direct question has been asked.
How are you?
Where are you?
Are you sure you know how to use question marks?
Some examples of inappropriate use of question marks:
It was possible Duncan was feeling the same way about it?
If he went to bed now, he might not be able to sleep?
Perhaps Matthew would ask her out?
I've also noticed a common usage of question marks in the wrong part of the sentence. For example:
Would he end up alone; someone once told him he might?
(Yes, that sort of mistake happens a lot!)
Would he end up alone? Someone once told him he might.
Much better, see?
So, we just need to think a bit more about where the question mark should be in the sentence.
R
Reviews
I could probably write a whole book just dedicated to these little things that mean a lot and then again don't mean much at all... Reviews... can't live with them, can't live without them.
For readers:
A heartfelt plea:
Please, please, please, WRITE A REVIEW IF YOU LOVE/LIKE A BOOK. IT MEANS A LOT, WHICH IS WHY I AM TYPING IN CAPITAL LETTERS!!!!!
If you don't love/like a book... be kind!! I cannot stress that enough. There will be things we don't like about a book, and I am all for free speech, BUT there is always something to like/love about even a rubbish book. DO NOT give a 1 star review unless you can back it up with a REAL reason. If a book has offended your soul, you can give a 1 star review... I have done so in the past. Otherwise BE KIND. Do you know how many months... if not years... of a writer's life is spent writing a book? They have written something AND had the courage to let others read it. That alone should warrant a bit of respect. No matter what a writer tells you, our books are personal to us. Most of my fiction contains stuff from my personal life which is fictionalised. Writers are often sensitive souls and may use their writing as a way of trying to comprehend the world we live in. DO NOT write a review without thinking about what you are writing. By all means, if you notice something the writer could have done better, point it out. Many of my more 'critical' reviews have pointed the way for me to become a better writer. HAVE A HEART when you're writing a review as most authors (especially independent authors who are just starting out) will read your review and WILL take it to heart.
Most writers will admit that their first book is not their best work, but having someone completely tear it apart in a review does no one any good. A writer improves with each book he or she writes. A little encouragement can go a long way.
Whenever I read a book that I don't like much, I try to point out the good and bad aspects in my review. If I honestly cannot give 3, 4, or 5 stars, I won't review it.
Be honest with your reviews. Even if you have a few negative things to say (among the nice things!!) the writer will thank you. Maybe not immediately, but later when they are more experienced.
A final and important point is -- your review does not have to be a masterpiece. It can be one or two lines saying what you liked about the book. You do not have to rehash the whole storyline in a review; in fact, I don't like the reviews that give away too much of the story. Be brief but say what you want to say. Why you think others should read the book. And, yes, say what you didn't like about it, that will help the writer; but try to be kind.
For Writers:
The best advice if you want to stay sane is DO NOT read the reviews. But most writers are curious creatures. Curiosity is one of the things that fuels our creativity. We cannot help but read the reviews, word for word... and then we concentrate on the negative parts of the review and start to cry... yes, I've been there a few times.
As you get more experienced as a writer, the bad reviews will not faze you as much (hopefully because you will have many good reviews to balance them out). I read a great piece of advice recently; it goes something like: one third of the audience will love your work, one third will be indifferent, and one third will hate it.
This puts things in perspective. If you have lots of bad reviews you're just not reaching the right audience.
Reviews are needed because the more reviews you have, the more sales you get; that's just the way it goes. Readers will be more likely to buy a book with 1000 reviews than one that only has 10. It seems more popular.
Whenever you're feeling down about a 1 star review, go and check out your favourite bestselling author's Amazon page; you'll see that even the big names get lots of 1 star reviews.
Finally, and probably the most important thing: a review is only ONE person's opinion. It doesn't mean your book is fantastic or rubbish. It means the book is fantastic or rubbish in THAT person's OPINION.
NEVER think that your work is that great that it should only ever get 5 star reviews... you are fooling yourself.
Resources for writers
We all know it's important for writers to make use of companies/websites that can help to perfect and promote our work. Here is a list of useful sites I have found and would recommend:
E-Book Formatting:
eBookBuilders: http://www.e-bookbuilders.com/
This is an e-book formatting company that will format your book as an epub and Kindle/mobi. I used the company for the kindle version of my novel Haunted, and was very pleased with the professional looking results, and the speedy service.
Ellie Mendez: http://www.ebook-format.com/
When I was looking for someone to format my book Coincidences for Smashwords I found Ellie via a fellow author, Susan Buchanan. eBookBuilders don't do Word formatting and Smashwords only accept .doc files, so I used Ellie's service for formatting. I was very pleased with quick and professional service, and the results!
Proofreading:
Proofread Julia: http://www.facebook.com/ProofreaderJulia
I usually use fellow writers for proofreading/beta reading, but have recently been introduced to Julia, who does this for a living, and she is good because I have read a book that she proofread You Wish... by Terry Tyler. She is in fact, Terry's sister. I am thinking of using her services for my next book. It's always good to have professional results.
Editing:
West of Mars: whttp://westofmars.com/susans-editing-...
Author Susan Helene Gottfried offer an editing service. I used her for my book, Haunted, and was pleased with the results.
Other editors that have been recommended to me by other authors are:
Dionne Lister http://dionnelisterwriter.wordpress.c...
Robert Helle: https://twitter.com/cubfan0217
All of the above services have reasonable rates, and it's definitely worth spending a bit of money to make sure you have a professional product.
Websites that are good for promotion:
BestsellerBound Recommends: http://quietfurybooks.com/bestsellerb...
This is a blog started by Darcia Helle, which I contribute to and help to maintain, along with author J. Michael Radcliffe.
If you're an indie author and would like to be featured, check our our submissions page and rules here: http://quietfurybooks.com/bestsellerb...
Celebrating Authors:
This site is similar to BestsellerBound blog; indie authors can choose from a list of promotional opportunities: http://celebratingauthors.blogspot.co...
World Literary Cafe: http://www.worldlitcafe.com/
This site does everything from promoting free Kindle books to interviews, and has special features; for example, there is a #WLCTwitterFollows group where you list your Twitter name and then people from the writing community follow you on Twitter & you follow back. A good way to build up a following.
Also, don't forget that doing interviews on your fellow authors' blogs is also good for promotion. As are giveaways (mentioned in one of my earlier posts in this series).
Review sites:
Orchard Book Club: http://www.facebook.com/OrchardBookClub
http://orchardbookclub.wordpress.com/
Juniper Grove: http://www.junipergrove.net/
BestsellerBound Recommends has a list of reviewers: http://quietfurybooks.com/bestsellerb...
The above review sites are also great places for readers to find new authors and books.
S
Spelling
Please don't only rely on spellcheck on your PC. It will not pick up words that can be spelt in different ways, e.g. there, their, they're, may have been used wrongly or you may have used 'if' instead of 'is'. Just because a word is correctly spelt, it doesn't mean there are no errors in the document. Again, this is where a good proofreader can come in handy.
Show Vs Tell/Storytelling
One of the most common things that editors complain about is how much 'telling' instead of 'showing' there is in a book.
Telling would be e.g.
Adam used to work for a supermarket. He worked long hours. Never came home until late in the evening. His wife didn't like that. She always used to complain at him. Nagging. He hated the nagging.
Showing this would be, for example:
Adam turned his key in the front door.
'Where have you been?' asked Jodie, frowning. Her arms crossed in front of her showed that she was not happy.
'I've been at work.'
'You're always working! How long do bloody supermarkets stay open these days?'
'It's a twenty-four hour store.' Adam pushed past her and walked into the living room.
As you can see, there is more action in showing as opposed to telling, and readers prefer something that will help them imagine the story.
Having said that, I believe there is a place for both showing and telling in a good novel. Finding the balance is the tricky bit.
I find that my first drafts are always full of telling. This is because I believe in getting the story down on paper as quickly as I can. I then take my time to edit. I look for scenes that can be developed from the 'telling'. It's all part of the editing process.
Where there is too much 'telling' in a book, it often makes the reader feel dissatisfied. It make me (as a writer) feel that the book could have been improved if more time had been taken to develop the scenes.
Smashwords
Smashwords.com is a site where indie writers can publish an e-book so that readers can download from the site in any e-book format they choose. I think it's a great site and believe that many readers haven't heard of it. It tends to be only indie authors that use the site, which is a pity because there are lots of bargain books and fabulous reads on the site.
For writers, you can also choose to publish the book so that it's distributed by Smashwords to Barnes & Noble, Sony, iBookstore, and other sites.
If you're an author outside the US, you will need to submit tax details to avoid the withholding tax (much in the same way as Amazon KDP).
************************************************************************************
I hope you'll find the above tips and recommendations useful.
Thanks for reading.
Q
Quotes, quotation marks
It doesn't matter whether you use single or double quotation marks for dialogue. Double quotes are more common in American English, whereas in the UK we tend to use single quotes for dialogue. The thing to note is that where you use double quotes for dialogue, you should use single quotes when you have speech within speech, and vice versa.
An example:
'Margery said she would be coming to tea; I asked her what time and she said, "See you at four".'
"Margery said she would be coming to tea; I asked her what time and she said, 'See you at four'."
Quotation marks are often used wrongly to emphasise a word in a sentence, when italics should be used instead, e.g.:
The meal was "delicious".
Italics should be used for emphasis:
The meal was delicious.
The reason I say that this usage is incorrect in this case is because the accepted use for quotation marks in prose (when not relating to the word itself) is for irony. So for example, in the above sentence by saying "delicious" in quotes, one might assume that the narrator didn't really like the meal.
You can use quotes to single out certain words in a sentence when the emphasis is on the word itself, e.g.
If you wanted to single out the word, 'horse' in a sentence, it is acceptable to use the quotes as I have just done.
Have I confused you enough yet? Good.
Who said writing was easy?
Another other thing I want to say about quotes is that the general rule is, where you use double quotes for speech, you should use single for highlighting other words. An example:
'Where are you going?' asked Jessica.
I wanted to tell her I was going home; I was tired, and needed to sleep. To be honest, I didn't really know where "home" was.
Question marks
Incorrect use of question marks. Another common mistake. I used to do it quite a lot which is why I'm an expert. (Having said that, I still do it quite a lot in my first drafts... )
Question marks should only be used at the end of a sentence when a direct question has been asked.
How are you?
Where are you?
Are you sure you know how to use question marks?
Some examples of inappropriate use of question marks:
It was possible Duncan was feeling the same way about it?
If he went to bed now, he might not be able to sleep?
Perhaps Matthew would ask her out?
I've also noticed a common usage of question marks in the wrong part of the sentence. For example:
Would he end up alone; someone once told him he might?
(Yes, that sort of mistake happens a lot!)
Would he end up alone? Someone once told him he might.
Much better, see?
So, we just need to think a bit more about where the question mark should be in the sentence.
R
Reviews
I could probably write a whole book just dedicated to these little things that mean a lot and then again don't mean much at all... Reviews... can't live with them, can't live without them.
For readers:
A heartfelt plea:
Please, please, please, WRITE A REVIEW IF YOU LOVE/LIKE A BOOK. IT MEANS A LOT, WHICH IS WHY I AM TYPING IN CAPITAL LETTERS!!!!!
If you don't love/like a book... be kind!! I cannot stress that enough. There will be things we don't like about a book, and I am all for free speech, BUT there is always something to like/love about even a rubbish book. DO NOT give a 1 star review unless you can back it up with a REAL reason. If a book has offended your soul, you can give a 1 star review... I have done so in the past. Otherwise BE KIND. Do you know how many months... if not years... of a writer's life is spent writing a book? They have written something AND had the courage to let others read it. That alone should warrant a bit of respect. No matter what a writer tells you, our books are personal to us. Most of my fiction contains stuff from my personal life which is fictionalised. Writers are often sensitive souls and may use their writing as a way of trying to comprehend the world we live in. DO NOT write a review without thinking about what you are writing. By all means, if you notice something the writer could have done better, point it out. Many of my more 'critical' reviews have pointed the way for me to become a better writer. HAVE A HEART when you're writing a review as most authors (especially independent authors who are just starting out) will read your review and WILL take it to heart.
Most writers will admit that their first book is not their best work, but having someone completely tear it apart in a review does no one any good. A writer improves with each book he or she writes. A little encouragement can go a long way.
Whenever I read a book that I don't like much, I try to point out the good and bad aspects in my review. If I honestly cannot give 3, 4, or 5 stars, I won't review it.
Be honest with your reviews. Even if you have a few negative things to say (among the nice things!!) the writer will thank you. Maybe not immediately, but later when they are more experienced.
A final and important point is -- your review does not have to be a masterpiece. It can be one or two lines saying what you liked about the book. You do not have to rehash the whole storyline in a review; in fact, I don't like the reviews that give away too much of the story. Be brief but say what you want to say. Why you think others should read the book. And, yes, say what you didn't like about it, that will help the writer; but try to be kind.
For Writers:
The best advice if you want to stay sane is DO NOT read the reviews. But most writers are curious creatures. Curiosity is one of the things that fuels our creativity. We cannot help but read the reviews, word for word... and then we concentrate on the negative parts of the review and start to cry... yes, I've been there a few times.
As you get more experienced as a writer, the bad reviews will not faze you as much (hopefully because you will have many good reviews to balance them out). I read a great piece of advice recently; it goes something like: one third of the audience will love your work, one third will be indifferent, and one third will hate it.
This puts things in perspective. If you have lots of bad reviews you're just not reaching the right audience.
Reviews are needed because the more reviews you have, the more sales you get; that's just the way it goes. Readers will be more likely to buy a book with 1000 reviews than one that only has 10. It seems more popular.
Whenever you're feeling down about a 1 star review, go and check out your favourite bestselling author's Amazon page; you'll see that even the big names get lots of 1 star reviews.
Finally, and probably the most important thing: a review is only ONE person's opinion. It doesn't mean your book is fantastic or rubbish. It means the book is fantastic or rubbish in THAT person's OPINION.
NEVER think that your work is that great that it should only ever get 5 star reviews... you are fooling yourself.
Resources for writers
We all know it's important for writers to make use of companies/websites that can help to perfect and promote our work. Here is a list of useful sites I have found and would recommend:
E-Book Formatting:
eBookBuilders: http://www.e-bookbuilders.com/
This is an e-book formatting company that will format your book as an epub and Kindle/mobi. I used the company for the kindle version of my novel Haunted, and was very pleased with the professional looking results, and the speedy service.
Ellie Mendez: http://www.ebook-format.com/
When I was looking for someone to format my book Coincidences for Smashwords I found Ellie via a fellow author, Susan Buchanan. eBookBuilders don't do Word formatting and Smashwords only accept .doc files, so I used Ellie's service for formatting. I was very pleased with quick and professional service, and the results!
Proofreading:
Proofread Julia: http://www.facebook.com/ProofreaderJulia
I usually use fellow writers for proofreading/beta reading, but have recently been introduced to Julia, who does this for a living, and she is good because I have read a book that she proofread You Wish... by Terry Tyler. She is in fact, Terry's sister. I am thinking of using her services for my next book. It's always good to have professional results.
Editing:
West of Mars: whttp://westofmars.com/susans-editing-...
Author Susan Helene Gottfried offer an editing service. I used her for my book, Haunted, and was pleased with the results.
Other editors that have been recommended to me by other authors are:
Dionne Lister http://dionnelisterwriter.wordpress.c...
Robert Helle: https://twitter.com/cubfan0217
All of the above services have reasonable rates, and it's definitely worth spending a bit of money to make sure you have a professional product.
Websites that are good for promotion:
BestsellerBound Recommends: http://quietfurybooks.com/bestsellerb...
This is a blog started by Darcia Helle, which I contribute to and help to maintain, along with author J. Michael Radcliffe.
If you're an indie author and would like to be featured, check our our submissions page and rules here: http://quietfurybooks.com/bestsellerb...
Celebrating Authors:
This site is similar to BestsellerBound blog; indie authors can choose from a list of promotional opportunities: http://celebratingauthors.blogspot.co...
World Literary Cafe: http://www.worldlitcafe.com/
This site does everything from promoting free Kindle books to interviews, and has special features; for example, there is a #WLCTwitterFollows group where you list your Twitter name and then people from the writing community follow you on Twitter & you follow back. A good way to build up a following.
Also, don't forget that doing interviews on your fellow authors' blogs is also good for promotion. As are giveaways (mentioned in one of my earlier posts in this series).
Review sites:
Orchard Book Club: http://www.facebook.com/OrchardBookClub
http://orchardbookclub.wordpress.com/
Juniper Grove: http://www.junipergrove.net/
BestsellerBound Recommends has a list of reviewers: http://quietfurybooks.com/bestsellerb...
The above review sites are also great places for readers to find new authors and books.
S
Spelling
Please don't only rely on spellcheck on your PC. It will not pick up words that can be spelt in different ways, e.g. there, their, they're, may have been used wrongly or you may have used 'if' instead of 'is'. Just because a word is correctly spelt, it doesn't mean there are no errors in the document. Again, this is where a good proofreader can come in handy.
Show Vs Tell/Storytelling
One of the most common things that editors complain about is how much 'telling' instead of 'showing' there is in a book.
Telling would be e.g.
Adam used to work for a supermarket. He worked long hours. Never came home until late in the evening. His wife didn't like that. She always used to complain at him. Nagging. He hated the nagging.
Showing this would be, for example:
Adam turned his key in the front door.
'Where have you been?' asked Jodie, frowning. Her arms crossed in front of her showed that she was not happy.
'I've been at work.'
'You're always working! How long do bloody supermarkets stay open these days?'
'It's a twenty-four hour store.' Adam pushed past her and walked into the living room.
As you can see, there is more action in showing as opposed to telling, and readers prefer something that will help them imagine the story.
Having said that, I believe there is a place for both showing and telling in a good novel. Finding the balance is the tricky bit.
I find that my first drafts are always full of telling. This is because I believe in getting the story down on paper as quickly as I can. I then take my time to edit. I look for scenes that can be developed from the 'telling'. It's all part of the editing process.
Where there is too much 'telling' in a book, it often makes the reader feel dissatisfied. It make me (as a writer) feel that the book could have been improved if more time had been taken to develop the scenes.
Smashwords
Smashwords.com is a site where indie writers can publish an e-book so that readers can download from the site in any e-book format they choose. I think it's a great site and believe that many readers haven't heard of it. It tends to be only indie authors that use the site, which is a pity because there are lots of bargain books and fabulous reads on the site.
For writers, you can also choose to publish the book so that it's distributed by Smashwords to Barnes & Noble, Sony, iBookstore, and other sites.
If you're an author outside the US, you will need to submit tax details to avoid the withholding tax (much in the same way as Amazon KDP).
************************************************************************************
I hope you'll find the above tips and recommendations useful.
Thanks for reading.
My Writing Process Blog Tour
I was invited to take part in this blog tour by Susan Buchanan.
You can check out Susan's blog about her writing process here: http://susancbuchanan.blogspot.co.uk/...
The idea of this blog tour is to introduce readers to new authors. I have been asked to answer 4 questions about my writing process and then tag three more authors to take part.
Here are my answers to the questions:
What am I working on?
I'm working on a new collection of short stories in collaboration with another author
How does my work differ from others of its genre?
I don't believe in genres
Why do I write what I do?
Because I always have ideas popping into my head for stories that beg to be written
How does my writing process work?
Haphazardly. I usually start off with an idea for a story and work from there, without a plan, which leads to lots of continuity issues that need to be resolved during the editing process.
The first draft for me is always about getting the story down on paper (I tend to write my first drafts with pen and paper rather than on a keyboard). The first drafts are invariably very bad - the grammar is atrocious, spelling questionable, and the storyline usually needs a lot of work.
Then I edit, by adding and taking bits away. Then I read over it a couple of times. The next step is sending it to beta-readers to let me know what they think and tell me if they spot any mistakes.
Then the real fun (that's sarcasm) begins. I read the book over and over replacing words that are repetitive, like 'that', 'she', 'her', 'seem', 'look', etc., and taking out words that are not really needed, like 'very' or 'just'.
Finally, I try to find words to replace the more common words... with the use of a thesaurus, just to add a few more unusual words to give the book a bit of substance. I play about with sentences and add and take away words. I delete any sentences that don't really add to the story.
My editing process takes much longer than the actual writing, and involves late nights, coffee, angst, and grumpiness.
Then, when I'm done, I send to a proofreader to check for any typos. Things you can't spot easily for yourself in your own writing are words that can be spelt different like 'their' and 'there'. It's amazing how easy it is for us to use the wrong word even though we know what the right word should be. These sorts of errors are missed in a spell check on the computer. Hence the importance of proofreaders.
The thing about reading over our own work is that we tend to skim read after we've read it over 100 times because we just read what we think we know is there. Simple typo errors are easily missed. A fresh eye is needed to spot errors.
I can also guarantee that even after a thorough edit and proofread there will still be one or two errors that slip through the net.
Who said writing was easy, hey?
****
The authors I have tagged for this blog tour:
Next week, my fellow authors Darcia Helle, J. Michael Radcliffe will be revealing their writing process and then later Julie Elizabeth Powell will also take part (she's unwell at the moment, but will post her blog as soon as she can).
If you're on Twitter, you can follow the various blogs in this tour by searching for the hashtag #MyWritingProcess
Here a few details of the upcoming authors on the tour and their blogs:
Darcia Helle
Suspense, random blood spatter and mismatched socks consume Darcia's days. She writes because the characters trespassing through her mind leave her no alternative. Only then are the voices free to haunt someone else's mind.
Join Darcia in her fictional world: http://www.QuietFuryBooks.com
The characters await you.
Link to the blog: http://www.quietfurybooks.com/blog
J. Michael Radcliffe
An avid reader of science fiction and fantasy novels all his life, Michael Radcliffe is the author of the 'Beyond the Veil' series of fantasy novels and short stories. He lives in rural Kentucky with his family and their six cats. His writing partner and muse is a small dragon statuette named Idris, who spends the evenings advising Michael on all things magical, and supervising his writing.
Link to the blog:
http://michaelradcliffe.wordpress.com/
Julie Elizabeth Powell(pen):
Julie says: "Hello everyone. If you haven't guessed by now I have a passion for words and have thirteen books published in a variety of genres...all thanks to Lulu and Kindle, much hard work and sleepless nights. I like to challenge my writing, hence the diversity, but fantasy will always be my favourite because there are no rules, and I never want to stick to other people’s formulas or ideas of what is acceptable.
"My eldest daughter has flown the nest and is married to a man who doesn't mind his mother-in-law though my son is still fluffing his feathers. My middle child is off on a mysterious adventure, the like of which I can only guess...and tried to do so in my first book, Gone. I love to read and am looking for ways to double time so to indulge in the mysterious and wonderful and delicious and strange...my favourite kind of story. Writing is my passion, though I enjoy creating handcrafted cards, jewellery making, scrapbooking and dabbling in encaustic art whenever I can. Oh yes, I used to teach or mark exam papers but now concentrate on writing and enjoying my new life, which materialised, as if by a miracle. Though still dislike all those necessary domestic chores that would, for me, be included in the Rings of Hell! That's it. Thank you to anyone who reads my books...enjoy the flight!
Oh yes, sometimes I think I must be an alien because I see things differently – maybe that’s why I’ve never fitted into the ‘way things should be’."
Link to the blog: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show...
You can check out Susan's blog about her writing process here: http://susancbuchanan.blogspot.co.uk/...
The idea of this blog tour is to introduce readers to new authors. I have been asked to answer 4 questions about my writing process and then tag three more authors to take part.
Here are my answers to the questions:
What am I working on?
I'm working on a new collection of short stories in collaboration with another author
How does my work differ from others of its genre?
I don't believe in genres
Why do I write what I do?
Because I always have ideas popping into my head for stories that beg to be written
How does my writing process work?
Haphazardly. I usually start off with an idea for a story and work from there, without a plan, which leads to lots of continuity issues that need to be resolved during the editing process.
The first draft for me is always about getting the story down on paper (I tend to write my first drafts with pen and paper rather than on a keyboard). The first drafts are invariably very bad - the grammar is atrocious, spelling questionable, and the storyline usually needs a lot of work.
Then I edit, by adding and taking bits away. Then I read over it a couple of times. The next step is sending it to beta-readers to let me know what they think and tell me if they spot any mistakes.
Then the real fun (that's sarcasm) begins. I read the book over and over replacing words that are repetitive, like 'that', 'she', 'her', 'seem', 'look', etc., and taking out words that are not really needed, like 'very' or 'just'.
Finally, I try to find words to replace the more common words... with the use of a thesaurus, just to add a few more unusual words to give the book a bit of substance. I play about with sentences and add and take away words. I delete any sentences that don't really add to the story.
My editing process takes much longer than the actual writing, and involves late nights, coffee, angst, and grumpiness.
Then, when I'm done, I send to a proofreader to check for any typos. Things you can't spot easily for yourself in your own writing are words that can be spelt different like 'their' and 'there'. It's amazing how easy it is for us to use the wrong word even though we know what the right word should be. These sorts of errors are missed in a spell check on the computer. Hence the importance of proofreaders.
The thing about reading over our own work is that we tend to skim read after we've read it over 100 times because we just read what we think we know is there. Simple typo errors are easily missed. A fresh eye is needed to spot errors.
I can also guarantee that even after a thorough edit and proofread there will still be one or two errors that slip through the net.
Who said writing was easy, hey?
****
The authors I have tagged for this blog tour:
Next week, my fellow authors Darcia Helle, J. Michael Radcliffe will be revealing their writing process and then later Julie Elizabeth Powell will also take part (she's unwell at the moment, but will post her blog as soon as she can).
If you're on Twitter, you can follow the various blogs in this tour by searching for the hashtag #MyWritingProcess
Here a few details of the upcoming authors on the tour and their blogs:
Darcia Helle
Suspense, random blood spatter and mismatched socks consume Darcia's days. She writes because the characters trespassing through her mind leave her no alternative. Only then are the voices free to haunt someone else's mind.
Join Darcia in her fictional world: http://www.QuietFuryBooks.com
The characters await you.
Link to the blog: http://www.quietfurybooks.com/blog
J. Michael Radcliffe
An avid reader of science fiction and fantasy novels all his life, Michael Radcliffe is the author of the 'Beyond the Veil' series of fantasy novels and short stories. He lives in rural Kentucky with his family and their six cats. His writing partner and muse is a small dragon statuette named Idris, who spends the evenings advising Michael on all things magical, and supervising his writing.
Link to the blog:
http://michaelradcliffe.wordpress.com/
Julie Elizabeth Powell(pen):
Julie says: "Hello everyone. If you haven't guessed by now I have a passion for words and have thirteen books published in a variety of genres...all thanks to Lulu and Kindle, much hard work and sleepless nights. I like to challenge my writing, hence the diversity, but fantasy will always be my favourite because there are no rules, and I never want to stick to other people’s formulas or ideas of what is acceptable.
"My eldest daughter has flown the nest and is married to a man who doesn't mind his mother-in-law though my son is still fluffing his feathers. My middle child is off on a mysterious adventure, the like of which I can only guess...and tried to do so in my first book, Gone. I love to read and am looking for ways to double time so to indulge in the mysterious and wonderful and delicious and strange...my favourite kind of story. Writing is my passion, though I enjoy creating handcrafted cards, jewellery making, scrapbooking and dabbling in encaustic art whenever I can. Oh yes, I used to teach or mark exam papers but now concentrate on writing and enjoying my new life, which materialised, as if by a miracle. Though still dislike all those necessary domestic chores that would, for me, be included in the Rings of Hell! That's it. Thank you to anyone who reads my books...enjoy the flight!
Oh yes, sometimes I think I must be an alien because I see things differently – maybe that’s why I’ve never fitted into the ‘way things should be’."
Link to the blog: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show...
