Authority and the Individual Quotes

“We know too much and feel too little. At least, we feel too little of those creative emotions from which a good life springs.”
― Bertrand Russell, Authority and the Individual

“There is equality where all are slaves, as well as where all are free. This shows that equality, by itself, is not enough to make a good society.”
― Bertrand Russell, Authority and the Individual

“In our own day, there has been too much of a tendency towards authority, and too little care for the preservation of initiative. Men in control of vast organisations have tended to be too abstract in their outlook, to forget what actual human beings are like, and to try to fit men to systems rather than systems to men.”
― Bertrand Russell, Authority and the Individual

“People do not always remember that politics, economics, and social organisation generally, belong in the realm of means, not ends. Our political and social thinking is prone to what may be called the ‘administrator’s fallacy’, by which I mean the habit of looking upon a society as a systematic whole, of a sort that is thought good if it is pleasant to contemplate as a model of order, a planned organism with parts neatly dove-tailed into each other. But a society does not, or at least should not, exist to satisfy an external survey, but to bring a good life to the individuals who compose it. It is in the individuals, not in the whole, that ultimate value is to be sought. A good society is a means to a good life for those who compose it, not something having a separate kind of excellence on its own account.”
― Bertrand Russell, Authority and the Individual

“Differences between nations, so long as they do not lead to hostility, are by no means to be deplored. Living for a time in a foreign country makes us aware of merits in which our own country is deficient, and this is true whichever country our own may be. The same thing holds of differences between different regions within one country, and of the differing types produced by different professions. Uniformity of character and uniformity of culture are to be regretted. Biological evolution has depended upon inborn differences between individuals or tribes, and cultural evolution depends upon acquired differences. When these disappear, there is no longer any material for selection. In the modern world, there is a real danger of too great similarity between one region and another in cultural respects. One of the best ways of minimising this evil is an increase in the autonomy of different groups.”
― Bertrand Russell, Authority and the Individual

“In national politics, where you are one of some twenty million voters, your influence is infinitesimal unless you are exceptional or occupy an exceptional position. You have, it is true, a twenty-millionth share in the government of others, but only a twenty-millionth share in the government of yourself. You are therefore much more conscious of being governed than of governing.”
― Bertrand Russell, Authority and the Individual

“One of the things that cause stress and strain in human social life is that it is possible, up to a point, to become aware of rational grounds for a behaviour not prompted by natural instinct. But when such behaviour strains natural instinct too severely nature takes her revenge by producing either listlessness or destructiveness, either of which may cause a structure imposed by reason to break down.”
― Bertrand Russell, Authority and the Individual

“And always, in our highly regularised way of life, he is obsessed by thoughts of the
morrow. Of all the precepts in the Gospels the one that Christians have most neglected is the commandment to take no thought for the morrow. If a man is prudent, thought for the morrow will lead him to save; if he is imprudent, it will make him apprehensive of being unable to pay his debts. In either case the moment loses its savour. Everything is organised, nothing is spontaneous.”
― Bertrand Russell, Authority and the Individual

“But as men grow more industrialised and regimented, the kind of delight that is common in children becomes impossible to adults because they are always thinking of the next thing and cannot let themselves be absorbed in the moment. This habit of thinking of the ‘next thing’ is more fatal to any kind of aesthetic excellence than any other habit of mind that can be imagined, and if art, in any important sense, is to survive it will not be by the foundation of solemn academies, but by recapturing the capacity for wholehearted joys and sorrows which prudence and foresight have all but destroyed.”
― Bertrand Russell, Authority and the Individual

“La decadenza dell'arte al tempo nostro non è dovuta solo al fatto che la funzione sociale dell'artista non è più così importante come nei tempi andati; è dovuta anche al fatto che non si sente più la gioia spontanea come una cosa che è importante poter avere. Ancora fioriscono le danze e la musica popolare fra popolazioni relativamente non intaccate dalle condizioni della vita cittadina, e qualcosa del poeta sussiste in moltissimi uomini; ma, via via che gli uomini diventano più industrializzati e più irregimentati, quella specie di potere che è comune fra i bambini diventa impossibile per gli adulti, perché essi stanno sempre pensando a quel che succederà dopo e non riescono a perdersi nella gioia dell'istante. Quest'abitudine di pensare a "quel che succederà dopo" è più fatale a qualunque specie di eccellenza estetica di ogni altro abito mentale che possa venire immaginato, e se l'arte, in un qualunque senso importante, deve sopravvivere, ciò non accadrà in seguito alla fondazione di solenni accademie, ma accadrà perché qualcuno riuscirà a trovar nuovamente quella capacità di gioie e dolori a cuore aperto, e senza riserve, che la prudenza e la previdenza hanno quasi interamente distrutto.”
― Bertrand Russell, Authority and the Individual

“Perché una comunità progredisca, avrà bisogno di individui eccezionali, le cui attività, benché così utili, non sono tipi di attività che debbano essere generali. In una società altamente organizzata c’è sempre la tendenza ad ostacolare indebitamente le attività di tali individui eccezionali, ma d’altro lato, se la comunità non esercita nessun controllo, la stessa specie di iniziativa individuale che può produrre un innovatore può anche produrre un criminale. È un problema di equilibrio; troppa poca libertà porta al ristagno e troppa libertà porta al caos.”
― Bertrand Russell, Authority and the Individual