Underdetermination Quotes

“[U]nderdetermination problems can't be made to go away by logic alone. They can only be mitigated by having plenty of data. Pragmatically, one should stop worrying that one's model is underdetermined at the point where it would take superogatory levels of ingenuity to find a competing one.”
― Don Ross

“But you cannot derive the existence of those objects and the richness of the theory from the sparse indirect effects and the measurements we record— theory is resolutely underdetermined by observation. You can only do the reverse: deduce from those constructed things and model their implications for what we can expect to observe.”
― Vernon L. Smith, The Evidence of Things Not Seen: Reflections on Faith, Science, and Economics