“recent brain imaging studies show activation in different locations in both hemispheres of the brain during language processing. This is true for both first and second languages. However, differences have been observed, depending on the learners’ age and level of proficiency. For example, when learners who acquire a second language later in life are given a grammatical task to complete, they show activation in the same neural areas that are activated for L1 processing but also activation in other areas of the brain. This is not the case with younger learners who show activation only in the areas for L1 processing (Beretta 2011).”