“Another example, this time of a response without evident stimulus, might be the following: Mary walked into the party.
“Oh, no!” Julie groaned, and ran for the exit. What’s wrong here? Well, evidently Mary’s walking into the party must somehow be intended as a stimulus for Julie’s groan and fast exit. But if we want Julie to show a response of groaning and running, we have to give her a better, clearer reason for so doing – a better stimulus. Again, the matter might be easily fixed in several ways. Here is an obvious one: Mary walked into the party, wearing a strapless blue gown. “Oh no!” Julie – wearing an identical dress – groaned, and ran for the exit.”