Instead of trying to optimize for lowest cost in so-called “maintenance” work, it is essential that organizations use signals from maintenance work as input to software-development activities. In the The DevOps Handbook, Gene Kim and colleagues define The Three Ways of DevOps for modern, high-performing organizations:9 Systems thinking: optimize for fast flow across the whole organization, not just in small parts Feedback loops: Development informed and guided by Operations Culture of continual experimentation and learning: sensing and feedback for every team interaction