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. . . when people know in advance that they'll have to explain themselves, they think more systematically and self-critically . . . [researcher of accountability Phil] Tetlock found two very different kinds of careful reasoning. Exploratory thought is an "evenhanded consideration of alternative points of view." Confirmatory thought is a "one-sided attempt to rationalize a particular point of view." Accountability increases exploratory thought only when three conditions apply: (1) decision makers
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Our beliefs can paralyze our thinking abilities. The stronger the belief, the more severe the paralysis.
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