![Physiology, animal and mental: applied to the preservation and restoration of health of body and power of mind 1847 [Leather Bound]](https://i.gr-assets.com/images/S/compressed.photo.goodreads.com/books/1694903006l/86079562._SX318_.jpg)
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Phrenology
Phrenology (from the Ancient Greek φρήν, meaning 'mind', and λόγος, meaning 'knowledge') is a pseudoscience which involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits. It is based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific functions or modules. Although both of those ideas have a basis in reality, phrenology extrapolated beyond empirical knowledge in a way that departed from science. The central phrenological notion that measuring the contour of the skull can predict personality traits is discredited by empir
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G. Stanley Hall, a creature of his times, believed strongly that adolescence was determined – a fixed feature of human development that could be explained and accounted for in scientific fashion. To make his case, he relied on Haeckel's faulty recapitulation idea, Lombroso's faulty phrenology-inspired theories of crime, a plethora of anecdotes and one-sided interpretations of data. Given the issues, theories, standards and data-handling methods of his day, he did a superb job. But when you take
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― Teen 2.0: Saving Our Children and Families from the Torment of Adolescence
― Teen 2.0: Saving Our Children and Families from the Torment of Adolescence
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The idea that the bumps or depressions on a man's head indicate the presence or absence of certain moral characteristics in his mental equipment is one of the absurdities developed from studies in this field that has long since been discarded by science. The ideas of the phrenologist Gall, however ridiculous they may now seem in the light of a century's progress, were nevertheless destined to become metamorphosed into the modern principles of cerebral localization.
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