Types of Fear and Horror Fiction

"Fear" is said in many ways. A summary of the different kinds of fear may be useful to some writers, since different ways of writing elicit different types of fear.

Types of Fear:

"Startled" fear--for example, to a sudden noise, to a window breaking. This is often used in horror flicks, though it is more difficult to communicate via writing.
Awe--includes fear and fascination, Rudolf Otto's "mysterium tremendum et fascinans." This is the fear elicited by stories such as Arthur Machen's "The Great God Pan" or Algernon Blackwood's "The Willows."
Dread--the fear of knowing or believing that something bad will happen. In Ernest Hemingway's story, "The Killers," it is the kind of fear the man holed up in his home waiting for the inevitable mafia hit feels.
Anxiety--existential dread, dread of annihilation, dread of death. Regan's mother in William Blatty's The Exorcist experienced that fear. It can also include fear of long-term disease or fear about being "thrown" into the world, a world for which one did not ask. Also compare any of Kafka's or Rilke's characters.
"Running for one's life" fear--a person is in immanent danger of being killed by an animal, human, or monster. This version of fear is found in most horror literature.
Phobias--fear of the dark, being outside, elevators, heights, etc. A story may have a character with one of these fear and face the situation they dread the most.
Fear of the death of loved ones--one example is when a woman dies of breast cancer and her sister fears she will have the same disease.
Panic attack--fear that one is dying when there is little or no danger of dying. A character having a panic attack is already stressed, and placing a monster with the character during an attack can up the ante on the character's fear.
Fear of harming oneself or others. For example, a character with dissociative identity disorder. One of that individual's personalities may be murderous.
Fear of the unknown--one of the best kinds of fears to elicit in a reader through suspense, as I mentioned in a previous post.
Terror--fear to the nth degree--the fear of a woman who was attacked by a man who sees the man in a lonely alley wielding a knife. Can include many of the other kinds of fear mentioned above.
Horror--fear of a monster, whether the monster be human, such as a serial killer, or of a nonhuman monster (lions, ghosts, vampires, zombies, etc.)

Those are types of fear of which I can think at the moment--if you want to add to the list in a comment, feel free to do so.