Uplift: What is it and why would we do it?

The term Uplift was first coined by author David Brin to describe the process of genetically manipulating another species to grant them human level intelligence. Although Brinn coined the term it is based on ideas that go at least as far back as the Island of Doctor Moreau. The idea of creating another intelligent species is intriguing. Considering how poor a job we do at sharing our world with other members of our own species though, one must wonder why anyone would do it?
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