Ajith Kumar's Blog: The Murder of Alexander the Great - Posts Tagged "murder-of-alexander-the-great"
• The assassin of Alexander the Great identified
For the first time ever, evidence has emerged from the ancient Sanskrit texts that the legend of Alexander the Great, who invaded India in 326 BC, forms part of the Indian folklore. Astonishing new findings in the historical narrative, "The Murder Of Alexander the Great" (in two books: the Puranas and The Secret war) by Ajith Kumar unbundle the untold parts of the history of Alexander's global conquests, which culminated in his mysterious death in Babylon 3 years later.
In 331 BC, after defeating of the Persian Emperor Darius at the bloody battle at Gaugamela, at the Arbela temple (modern Erbil in Iraq) Alexander was enthroned as the King of the World. More importantly, he was designated as the mortal representative of the great lord Azura Mazda. During the coronation ceremony, the conqueror was crowned as the King of the Assur region (Assyria in modern Iraq), where the Kings were traditionally named as an Asura, the mortal representative of the lord. Consequently, when he subsequently invaded India, in the legends in the Indian Sanskrit texts, known as the Puranas, he came to be called an Asura Raja. The Puranas were Sanskrit texts that chronicled the deeds of ancient kings. The Sanskrit word Purana literally means ancient history. In this tradition, the Vamana Purana, Bhagavata Purana, and the Skanda Purana tell us the untold story of Alexander the Great's Indian invasion.
In the Indus valley, the holy land of the Aryan tribes, Alexander successfully encountered massive opponents, monstrous floods, and treacherous warfare. Unexpectedly, he also faced an army mutiny, following which he was compelled to stop his Indian campaign and what followed were disasters that crippled the Greek army as he returned to Persia.
Deification legends were quite common in the ancient world. The fascinating myths of Alexander, widely spread through the ancient religious texts, appears in the gospels in the prophecies of Daniel. In the Hebrew traditions, he appears as a prophet who knocks at the gates of heaven. In European texts, he became an invincible knight. In the Persian legends, he appears as a two-horned Satan who destroyed the fire altars of Zoroastrian priests. Finally, in the Indian texts he is depicted as the king of the Asuras, Mahabali, who ruled the netherworlds.
The Indian Puranas apparently tell us the history of the ancient world through enchanting mythology, and one can only admire at the huge share of historical information available in the Indian scriptures. A popular myth in the Puranas recounts the history of the Greek conquest of the Indus Valley and unveils the covert Indian strategy that led to the rapid return march and the early death of Alexander.
"The Murder of Alexander the Great, Book 1 - The Puranas" draws, for the first time, a parallel between Greek and Indian history. The book presents sixteen pieces of evidence to confirm that Alexander was prominently represented in the ancient Sanskrit texts as Mahabali. In fact, when the invading army descended from the Hindukush mountains in 326 BC into the Indus Valley and occupied Taxila first, the massive army consisted of 120,000 soldiers. However, Alexander could not conquer India, as he had to abandon the attempt after a religious sacrifice on an altar in Kurukshetra (in modern Punjab), where a Sadhu named Kalanus declared the omens unfavourable to proceed. Alexander abandoned his aggressive campaigns and decided to return to return to Babylon. The Puranas link this incident in the myths of Asura Raja Mahabali and recount how the King of Asuras was tactfully deceived and guided by the Sadhu to a region known as Patala. The unearthly domains of Patala, at the mouth of the Indus, was truly the capital of Alexander the Great for about an year. He was trapped for months in the Patala region, stuck between two deserts on both sides of the Indus River, and the Arabian sea at its mouth. The Sadhu, known to the Greek historians as Kalanus (Calanus), had deceived and led him to Patala, the hell in Indian mythology.
Confirming this, a verse in the Sanskrit Puranas records the chronology of the day Alexander submitted to the oracular advice of the Sadhu on the altar in Kurukshetra in Punjab. The date coincides with the annual Onam festival which commemorates the surrender of Mahabali, the legendary role of Alexander, and thus confirms this to be a historical fact. The surrender of Mahabali (Alexander) is even today celebrated as the Onam festival in Kerala, a state in South India, on the twelfth day in the month of Shravana, which is the same day Alexander submitted to the oracular advice of the Sadhu. During the Onam festival people in Kerala commemorate the legends of Alexander the Great, who tried to conquer the three worlds, but was compelled to return to Patala.
The Indian texts tell us a stranger than fiction version of the ancient history and explains how Alexander’s invincible army, which came to conquer India in 326 BC, was crippled and its leader secretly assassinated.
In Book 2 - The Secret War, the narrative explores the ruthless execution of a secret war strategy, known as the Battle of intrigue, outlined in the Arthashastra of Chanakya. Chanakya, the renowned military strategist of ancient India, was the Prime Minister of Taxila, when Alexander occupied it in April 326 BC. The secret strategies of war prescribed in the Arthashastra of Chanakya were unleashed against the Greek war lord, which crippled the invading army, created a mutiny in its ranks, and diverted it out of India to Patala. Alexander was cunningly forced into the barrenness of the Gedrosian desert subsequently and most of the Greek soldiers perished in its treacherous landscape.
The hidden history of the age comes alive in the two books and explains how Alexander was trapped in the Indus valley for two years and why his army revolted in Punjab. Only the Arthashastra of Chanakya explains the reasons for the revolt in the Greek army and the disasters that trailed Alexander during the Indian campaign.
After his disastrous Indian expedition, on reaching Babylon, Alexander died in suspicious circumstances at the age of 33. Widespread rumors circulated in the ancient world that he was murdered. But there was no evidence until now. However, the Indian Puranas, and other ancient Sanskrit texts, unravel the name of the exotic weapon used to murder Alexander.
The narrative in 'The murder of Alexander the Great" unravels seventy-two discoveries that go on to unearth not only Alexander’s assassin but also identifies the lethal weapon named as the ‘destroyer of time’.
The suspicions surrounding the death of Alexander had remained unresolved even after two millennia. 'The Murder of Alexander the Great' provides the final answers to the greatest murder mystery of the ancient world.
Available on Amazon Books:
The Puranas
The Murder of Alexander the Great, Book 1: The Puranas.
The Secret War
The Murder of Alexander the Great, Book 2: The Secret war
https://murderofalexanderthegreat.com
In 331 BC, after defeating of the Persian Emperor Darius at the bloody battle at Gaugamela, at the Arbela temple (modern Erbil in Iraq) Alexander was enthroned as the King of the World. More importantly, he was designated as the mortal representative of the great lord Azura Mazda. During the coronation ceremony, the conqueror was crowned as the King of the Assur region (Assyria in modern Iraq), where the Kings were traditionally named as an Asura, the mortal representative of the lord. Consequently, when he subsequently invaded India, in the legends in the Indian Sanskrit texts, known as the Puranas, he came to be called an Asura Raja. The Puranas were Sanskrit texts that chronicled the deeds of ancient kings. The Sanskrit word Purana literally means ancient history. In this tradition, the Vamana Purana, Bhagavata Purana, and the Skanda Purana tell us the untold story of Alexander the Great's Indian invasion.
In the Indus valley, the holy land of the Aryan tribes, Alexander successfully encountered massive opponents, monstrous floods, and treacherous warfare. Unexpectedly, he also faced an army mutiny, following which he was compelled to stop his Indian campaign and what followed were disasters that crippled the Greek army as he returned to Persia.
Deification legends were quite common in the ancient world. The fascinating myths of Alexander, widely spread through the ancient religious texts, appears in the gospels in the prophecies of Daniel. In the Hebrew traditions, he appears as a prophet who knocks at the gates of heaven. In European texts, he became an invincible knight. In the Persian legends, he appears as a two-horned Satan who destroyed the fire altars of Zoroastrian priests. Finally, in the Indian texts he is depicted as the king of the Asuras, Mahabali, who ruled the netherworlds.
The Indian Puranas apparently tell us the history of the ancient world through enchanting mythology, and one can only admire at the huge share of historical information available in the Indian scriptures. A popular myth in the Puranas recounts the history of the Greek conquest of the Indus Valley and unveils the covert Indian strategy that led to the rapid return march and the early death of Alexander.
"The Murder of Alexander the Great, Book 1 - The Puranas" draws, for the first time, a parallel between Greek and Indian history. The book presents sixteen pieces of evidence to confirm that Alexander was prominently represented in the ancient Sanskrit texts as Mahabali. In fact, when the invading army descended from the Hindukush mountains in 326 BC into the Indus Valley and occupied Taxila first, the massive army consisted of 120,000 soldiers. However, Alexander could not conquer India, as he had to abandon the attempt after a religious sacrifice on an altar in Kurukshetra (in modern Punjab), where a Sadhu named Kalanus declared the omens unfavourable to proceed. Alexander abandoned his aggressive campaigns and decided to return to return to Babylon. The Puranas link this incident in the myths of Asura Raja Mahabali and recount how the King of Asuras was tactfully deceived and guided by the Sadhu to a region known as Patala. The unearthly domains of Patala, at the mouth of the Indus, was truly the capital of Alexander the Great for about an year. He was trapped for months in the Patala region, stuck between two deserts on both sides of the Indus River, and the Arabian sea at its mouth. The Sadhu, known to the Greek historians as Kalanus (Calanus), had deceived and led him to Patala, the hell in Indian mythology.
Confirming this, a verse in the Sanskrit Puranas records the chronology of the day Alexander submitted to the oracular advice of the Sadhu on the altar in Kurukshetra in Punjab. The date coincides with the annual Onam festival which commemorates the surrender of Mahabali, the legendary role of Alexander, and thus confirms this to be a historical fact. The surrender of Mahabali (Alexander) is even today celebrated as the Onam festival in Kerala, a state in South India, on the twelfth day in the month of Shravana, which is the same day Alexander submitted to the oracular advice of the Sadhu. During the Onam festival people in Kerala commemorate the legends of Alexander the Great, who tried to conquer the three worlds, but was compelled to return to Patala.
The Indian texts tell us a stranger than fiction version of the ancient history and explains how Alexander’s invincible army, which came to conquer India in 326 BC, was crippled and its leader secretly assassinated.
In Book 2 - The Secret War, the narrative explores the ruthless execution of a secret war strategy, known as the Battle of intrigue, outlined in the Arthashastra of Chanakya. Chanakya, the renowned military strategist of ancient India, was the Prime Minister of Taxila, when Alexander occupied it in April 326 BC. The secret strategies of war prescribed in the Arthashastra of Chanakya were unleashed against the Greek war lord, which crippled the invading army, created a mutiny in its ranks, and diverted it out of India to Patala. Alexander was cunningly forced into the barrenness of the Gedrosian desert subsequently and most of the Greek soldiers perished in its treacherous landscape.
The hidden history of the age comes alive in the two books and explains how Alexander was trapped in the Indus valley for two years and why his army revolted in Punjab. Only the Arthashastra of Chanakya explains the reasons for the revolt in the Greek army and the disasters that trailed Alexander during the Indian campaign.
After his disastrous Indian expedition, on reaching Babylon, Alexander died in suspicious circumstances at the age of 33. Widespread rumors circulated in the ancient world that he was murdered. But there was no evidence until now. However, the Indian Puranas, and other ancient Sanskrit texts, unravel the name of the exotic weapon used to murder Alexander.
The narrative in 'The murder of Alexander the Great" unravels seventy-two discoveries that go on to unearth not only Alexander’s assassin but also identifies the lethal weapon named as the ‘destroyer of time’.
The suspicions surrounding the death of Alexander had remained unresolved even after two millennia. 'The Murder of Alexander the Great' provides the final answers to the greatest murder mystery of the ancient world.
Available on Amazon Books:
The Puranas
The Murder of Alexander the Great, Book 1: The Puranas.
The Secret War
The Murder of Alexander the Great, Book 2: The Secret war
https://murderofalexanderthegreat.com
The Roman Port of Muziris
The Roman Signet-ring from Muziris:
A glorious ring with the Sphinx, the Greek mythical creature known for its magical powers, from 1 c AD, was unearthed recently from the lost ancient port of Muziris in the Kerala state in south India. The 1.2-cm-long banded agate, a precious stone found in the Indian Subcontinent, was from a seal-ring, very similar to the kind worn by Augustus Caesar, the first Roman emperor, who reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. The female winged Sphinx was the signet symbol on the finger ring of Emperor Augustus and the symbol then became popular and many wealthy merchants undoubtedly copied it.
A flattering account of the ancient port of Muziris exists in the text Natural History, in which Greek historian Pliny provided the sole testimony that this port was the 'Primum emporium Indiae.' Muziris, famous as the ‘Prime Emporium in India’ in the times of Cleopatra and Augustus, flourished to become a key Roman settlement for marine trade between the Red Sea and Indian Ocean regions — sending out pepper, precious stones, silk, beads, ivory and pottery to West Asia and Rome, and importing gold coins, glass, wine from there.
A Tamil poem in 2nd c AD speaks of Muziris (also known as Muciripattanam or Muciri) as “the city where wine abounds”, and which “bestows wealth to its people abundantly” with “gold coins from the ships are exchanged for pepper brought by local boats through the Periyar river”.
The primitive Roman port, which has now disappeared, was near the modern port city of Cochin (Kochi) in Kerala. Hearing of the wonders of this magnificent port city, a Greek navigator, Eudoxus of Cyzicus, sailed for the first time from the Red Sea to Muziris in around 116 BC, which appears to be the earliest written record of its prosperity.
Several sources confirm that the Romans had established a thriving trading mart in Muziris, with a fort and a Roman temple, under the rule of Greek governors and a judge. Being the local Prakrit word for spicy black pepper, the Greek name “Muziris” probably meant pepper town (Muchiri in Sanskrit). Pepper in those days was an exceptional and precious product, costlier than gold in weight, and available only from the rain-drenched mountains bordering the Muziris coast. The great emperors Solomon and Augustus, as well as Queen Cleopatra of Egypt, used to send their ships to Muziris for its precious spices and the gemstones, which were not available anywhere else in the world.
The conquests of Alexander the Great had established several Roman settlements in India, and the history of Muziris port leads us to the untold mysteries of the ancient world in "The Murder of Alexander the Great, Book 2: The Secret War."
https://amzn.com/0999071440
A glorious ring with the Sphinx, the Greek mythical creature known for its magical powers, from 1 c AD, was unearthed recently from the lost ancient port of Muziris in the Kerala state in south India. The 1.2-cm-long banded agate, a precious stone found in the Indian Subcontinent, was from a seal-ring, very similar to the kind worn by Augustus Caesar, the first Roman emperor, who reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. The female winged Sphinx was the signet symbol on the finger ring of Emperor Augustus and the symbol then became popular and many wealthy merchants undoubtedly copied it.
A flattering account of the ancient port of Muziris exists in the text Natural History, in which Greek historian Pliny provided the sole testimony that this port was the 'Primum emporium Indiae.' Muziris, famous as the ‘Prime Emporium in India’ in the times of Cleopatra and Augustus, flourished to become a key Roman settlement for marine trade between the Red Sea and Indian Ocean regions — sending out pepper, precious stones, silk, beads, ivory and pottery to West Asia and Rome, and importing gold coins, glass, wine from there.
A Tamil poem in 2nd c AD speaks of Muziris (also known as Muciripattanam or Muciri) as “the city where wine abounds”, and which “bestows wealth to its people abundantly” with “gold coins from the ships are exchanged for pepper brought by local boats through the Periyar river”.
The primitive Roman port, which has now disappeared, was near the modern port city of Cochin (Kochi) in Kerala. Hearing of the wonders of this magnificent port city, a Greek navigator, Eudoxus of Cyzicus, sailed for the first time from the Red Sea to Muziris in around 116 BC, which appears to be the earliest written record of its prosperity.
Several sources confirm that the Romans had established a thriving trading mart in Muziris, with a fort and a Roman temple, under the rule of Greek governors and a judge. Being the local Prakrit word for spicy black pepper, the Greek name “Muziris” probably meant pepper town (Muchiri in Sanskrit). Pepper in those days was an exceptional and precious product, costlier than gold in weight, and available only from the rain-drenched mountains bordering the Muziris coast. The great emperors Solomon and Augustus, as well as Queen Cleopatra of Egypt, used to send their ships to Muziris for its precious spices and the gemstones, which were not available anywhere else in the world.
The conquests of Alexander the Great had established several Roman settlements in India, and the history of Muziris port leads us to the untold mysteries of the ancient world in "The Murder of Alexander the Great, Book 2: The Secret War."
https://amzn.com/0999071440
The Murder of Alexander the Great
www.murderofalexanderthegreat.com
Available on Amazon Books:
The Murder of Alexander the Great, Book 1: The Puranas.
The Murder of Alexander the Great, Book 2: The Secret war
...more
Available on Amazon Books:
The Murder of Alexander the Great, Book 1: The Puranas.
The Murder of Alexander the Great, Book 2: The Secret war
...more
