Scott Galloway's Blog, page 3

The Insiders

Trump Casino: When Markets Become the House Game

In the war between Trump & Musk, I’m rooting for the bullets. However, the whole thing is (again) a distraction from the significant damage being levied on the country. It’s tempting to believe America will emerge from the Trump chaos unscathed. It won’t. 

The defining features of this presidency are cruelty and chaos — but chaos with a purpose. Share prices plunge following tariff threats, only to rally when he backs down. The White House attempts to bar Harvard from enrolling international students, then gets blocked by the courts. Trump calls for Fed Chairman Jerome Powell to be fired, then insists days later he has “no intention” of terminating him. Even if most of his promises go unfulfilled, the long-term damage will be severe.

TACO

If Trump were a poker player, he’d swagger to the table talking shit, go all in, then fold before his opponents respond. It’s easy to dismiss this behavior as crazy or incompetent. But it raises a troubling question: Is this a deliberate effort — straight out of an autocrat’s playbook — to create volatility that the autocrat and his acolytes can exploit?  What if this isn’t incompetence, but a strategy? 

Financial Times columnist Robert Armstrong coined the perfect term: the TACO trade — Trump Always Chickens Out. But Armstrong told us on Prof G Markets that chaos may be the point: Trump and his team have such contempt for the system, they don’t see any downside risk in burning the village to save it.

These policy gyrations have created an association of “toxic uncertainty” with brand USA. Announcing in a matter of months makes no sense, until it does. Trump’s market manipulation operates like a carnival game — it’s rigged. The house always wins, as it knows when the music is about to stop.

The Numbers 

Trump’s ability to trigger wild swings in stock prices has created an environment ripe for insider trading, undermining trust in U.S. markets and eroding a pillar of American prosperity — the rule of fair play. When Trump shocks the market and then retreats, it gives his inner circle, both in Washington and on Wall Street, an opportunity to place trades with asymmetric upside. They have information the other players (whether they’re buying or selling) don’t possess.

Trump’s tariff proclamations have created some of the most extreme market volatility in decades:

April 2-3, aka Liberation Day: The markets posted their worst day since June 2020, during the Covid-19 pandemic. The S&P 500 dropped 4.8%. The Dow tumbled about 4%. And the Nasdaq fell 6%. Three days of losses wiped out about $10 trillion in wealth — equivalent to roughly 10% of global GDP.April 9-10, Trump Blinks: In a stunning U-turn, the president walked back some tariffs, triggering a historic market rally. The S&P soared 9.5% in one day — its biggest gain since 2008, while European markets staged their biggest jump in more than three years. 

Multi-trillion-dollar swings happening within hours of his statements aren’t market forces — they’re signs of manipulation with a presidential seal. The markets are essentially reacting in real time to his policy announcements and reversals, creating unprecedented uncertainty for investors … and opportunity for those who are inside.

Inside Job

A string of incredibly prescient trades has sparked concern that Trump’s allies may be trading on material nonpublic information. ProPublica reported that more than a dozen high-ranking officials made well-timed trades following Trump’s inauguration — most selling stock before markets tanked.

Attorney General Pam Bondi sold $1 million to $5 million in Trump Media stock on April 2, the same day the president announced his Liberation Day tariffs. The timing of her trades that day is unclear. But think about that: The nation’s top cop is selling stocks the day an announcement by the president ignites a crash in prices. Trump Media slipped 13% in the following days, before recovering.

Wow. What. Luck.

Most damaging: On April 9, Trump posted a message to followers on Truth Social: “THIS IS A GREAT TIME TO BUY!!! DJT.” Less than four hours later, he announced a tariff pause, sending stocks soaring. Billionaires tracked by Bloomberg enjoyed their best day ever, adding more than $300 billion to their combined net worth.

Maxine Waters, the California Democrat, zeroed in on suspicious call option trading in the 10 minutes before Trump’s announcement. “No rational investor would have purchased these options unless they had prior knowledge of the president’s impending reversal on tariff policy,” she and her House colleagues wrote in an April 10 letter to Securities and Exchange Commission Chair Paul Atkins requesting an investigation.

Damage Control

Less than two weeks later, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, speaking at a closed-door investor summit hosted by JPMorgan Chase, said he expected a “de-escalation” in Trump’s trade war with China. Stocks, which had already started recovering after a sharp drop the previous day, soared after Bessent’s comments were reported.

Elizabeth Warren demanded an explanation. The Massachusetts senator argued in a letter to Bessent that Trump’s opaque tariff decisions and “frequent, seemingly random changes of course have created a scenario where wealthy investors and well-connected corporations can get special treatment, receiving inside information they can use to time the market, or obtaining tariff exemptions that are worth billions of dollars — while Main Street, small businesses, and America’s families are left to clean up the damage.”

In late May, stocks dropped again after Trump threatened to raise tariffs to 50% on goods from the EU. But when the president subsequently said those tariffs would be delayed until July, his comments triggered a global rally over the next two days.

The White House has announced a flurry of new and revised tariff policies since Inauguration Day in January. But I’m willing to bet that very little will change over the next year or two when it comes to trade policy. I also predict that Trump will fail to follow through on most of his threats, on everything from tariffs to Harvard, as he backpedals or gets stymied by the courts.

Bad Cop

The country’s top securities cop will get to the bottom of it … at least, that’s how it’s supposed to work. But at a time when suspicious trading activity is mounting, the SEC is being defanged. Trump earlier this year signed an executive order to “rein in” independent regulators, including the SEC, and make them accountable to the administration. The order forces the agency to report to the White House for approval. 

At the same time, thanks to buyout and retirement programs offered by the administration, the SEC workforce is being slashed. SEC divisions reportedly lost up to 19% of their staff over a period of just several weeks. The fox isn’t just in the henhouse — now he is the farmer.

And don’t expect a strongly worded letter from Senators Chuck Schumer and Elizabeth Warren to light a fire under Atkins, the pro-business crypto enthusiast Trump picked to head the SEC. You can bet Atkins will take a lighter regulatory approach than his predecessor, Gary Gensler.

Golden Age of Insider Trading

Insider trading has long been a scourge. James B. Stewart chronicled the 1980s insider trading scandals in his book Den of Thieves. Sheelah Kolhatkar’s 2017 book, Black Edge, tells the story of billionaire hedge fund investor Steven A. Cohen, his former firm, SAC Capital Advisors, and the largest insider trading investigation in history. SAC pleaded guilty in 2013 to fraud charges and agreed to pay a record $1.2 billion penalty. While Cohen wasn’t charged, he agreed to a two-year ban on managing outside money. In 2014, his firm was reborn as Point72. Six years later, he bought the New York Mets.

But the conditions today threaten to usher in a golden age of insider trading, inviting well-connected investors to cheat. I predict that the next set of results from the nation’s hedge fund managers will show that some of them have made a killing, raising questions about whether they’ve capitalized on insider information to achieve those gains.

The Real Cost

The collateral damage happens to the people on the other side of these trades. They are losing fortunes. As Pulitzer Prize winner Anne Applebaum argues, American policy is “being transformed, not to benefit Americans but to benefit the president, his family, and his friends.”

In our conversation last month, she said that fighting corruption depends on connecting it to ordinary people’s lives, showing “they are poor because the Trump family is rich.” She noted that Alexei Navalny, the Russian opposition leader who stood up to Putin and died in a remote prison above the Arctic Circle, successfully linked Russia’s kleptocracy to bad roads and poor healthcare.

Ensuring America has a fair playing field is key to its success — that’s why we have five times Europe’s risk capital for startups. It’s why our companies garner $26 in value for every $1 dollar in profit. Russia is a kleptocracy. The total value of its stock market is around $80b, vs. $52t for the U.S. The erosion of faith has disastrous consequences. Corruption is contagious. It starts with one infected trade, spreads to cabinet members, then metastasizes through Congress and the donor class. America under Trump hasn’t just caught the disease — it’s becoming a superspreader event that will infect global capitalism.

Mean girls breaking up makes for good reality TV, but it’s a misdirect from the grift that will reduce our prosperity and limit our ability to protect others at home and abroad. 

Life is so rich, 

P.S. I’m sitting down with Microsoft’s chief scientist, Jaime Teevan, to discuss the topic on everyone’s minds: AI’s impact on our jobs. RSVP to AI and the Future of Work for free. Hosted by Section.

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Rich Kids

Last week, the fiscal lunatics proved they are still running the asylum. The last fit of congressional sanity broke out during the Clinton administration. This week, House Republicans sent the Senate a budget that adds $3.8 trillion to the deficit. Trump’s “Big Beautiful Bill” pairs unfunded tax cuts for the wealthy with a combined $1.1 trillion reduction in spending on programs including Medicaid and SNAP. The math isn’t mathing: Older/wealthier Americans are running up younger/poorer Americans’ credit cards to maintain their lifestyle. One especially offensive provision: a permanent increase in the estate tax exemption to an inflation-indexed $15 million, per person — letting couples pass $30 million to their heirs tax-free while slashing food stamps.

Fiscal Redline

The budget’s fastest-growing line item isn’t defense, or healthcare, but the interest on our debt. Even if this $3.7 trillion middle finger to future generations doesn’t pass, net interest payments on the debt will total $13.8 trillion over the next decade. We’re basically cosigning a subprime mortgage for our grandchildren while giving the wealthy a trust fund top-off.

As interest payments increase, they crowd out any discretionary spending critical for growth (e.g., the internet, medical research, education), and curb our ability to respond to future crises. Nations typically aren’t conquered but go broke. According to historian Niall Ferguson, there’s a redline where debt service exceeds defense spending. In fiscal year 2024, we hit it. The federal budget earmarked $877 billion for defense and $878 billion to pay the interest on our debt. As Ferguson wrote, “America’s fiscal position is far more constrained today than ever before,” adding that the U.S. faces a debt crisis similar to the ones that contributed to the downfalls of the Spanish, French, and British empires. We’re now spending more to service rich people’s tax cuts than to defend the country. So, raise taxes or cut spending? The answer is yes. Note: Both parties engage in this consensual hallucination — taxes went down during the Biden administration and spending (YTD) has gone up under Trump. 

The Great Wealth Transfer

The oldest Baby Boomers turn 79 this year. Despite medical advances, exercise, better nutrition, and an industry devoted to anti-aging, biology remains undefeated. Delusions aside, nobody is getting out of here alive or taking anything with them. History’s greatest generational wealth transfer is underway. One research firm projects that the wealth transferred through 2048 will total $124 trillion. That inheritance tsunami won’t be evenly distributed. The 2% of American households that are considered high-net-worth and ultra-high-net-worth are expected to pass half of that ($62 trillion) to their heirs. The majority of Americans won’t see any wealth transfer, however, as only 1 in 5 American households inherits anything at all.

Dynasty Tax

Thirty years ago, pollster Frank Luntz argued that Republicans should rebrand the estate tax as the “death tax,” advising GOP lawmakers to hold press conferences at local mortuaries. It worked. Here’s the con: Americans fear a tax that affects fewer than 1 in 1,000 estates while cheering cuts to programs they actually use.

Smart taxation policy raises revenue with the least collateral damage. This is the foundation of a progressive tax policy: Levying the highest rates on the poor would create massive anxiety and unrest among the most vulnerable. With an estate tax, the collateral damage is small, but the rhetorical damage is significant. Americans understandably recoil at the idea of a “death tax,” even though the vast majority of them are not subject to it. Americans’ optimism can be a policy weakness, as we idolize the wealthy, believing one day we may enjoy their asymmetrical advantage. What we’re taxing, however, isn’t an estate but dynastic wealth. For too long, the death tax misdirect has obscured an elegant (see above: little collateral damage) solution.

Make Estate Taxes Great Again

Critics argue that the estate tax amounts to double taxation. I’m sympathetic, but only to a point, as unrealized capital gains account for 55% of the value of the wealthiest estates, meaning the wealthy are essentially avoiding nearly all taxes. In addition, the cartoon of the family store or farm being put out of business falls flat: Fewer than 100 family businesses per year owe any estate tax. In 2023 the estate tax generated $24 billion in revenue. Speaking to Bloomberg, former Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers observed that an estimated “$2.5 trillion passing, and the vast majority of that being among 5% or 1% of the people who die, and only collecting 1% of it in taxes? I do think we can do better.” The current plan, however, is to do worse. It’s estimated that the Big Beautiful Bill’s estate tax provision will cost the government more than $200 billion in lost revenue over the next decade, or nearly two-thirds of the projected cuts to SNAP. We’re literally taking food from poor kids to give rich kids bigger trust funds.

My proposal: The U.S. should drop its exemption to $1 million and tax inheritances above that threshold at 40%, without loopholes. According to Brookings, that would raise an estimated $118 billion in annual revenue, or more than $1 trillion over a decade — enough to cover proposed cuts to Medicaid and SNAP. The cost to the families that pay the estate tax? Wealthy kids would no longer be as wealthy, but they’d still be wealthy.

Third-Generation Curse?

I believe wealthy people have the right to transfer economic security to their descendants. But there’s no free lunch, and an inheritance can become an albatross. As William K. Vanderbilt, a descendant of Cornelius Vanderbilt, explained, inheritance is “as certain a death to ambition as cocaine is to morality.”

Still, the third-generation curse makes for good drama. (See: HBO’s Succession.) And anecdotally, the fear of the curse is real. Case in point: Paramount. Just before a deal to sell the company was announced, my Markets co-host Ed Elson asked, “Is there anything more American than the children of three billionaires — Shari Redstone, David Ellison, and Edgar Bronfman Jr. — vying for control of a failed Hollywood studio?” 

The Life

In 2010, Daniel Kahneman and another Nobel winner, Angus Deaton, published a study which appeared to show that income was strongly correlated with happiness at low income levels, but that earning more than $75,000 had no impact on happiness. Later, another academic at Wharton, Matt Killingsworth, challenged that finding. Working together, along with a third academic neutral to the dispute, Kahneman and Killingsworth found that the original study had measured the decrease in unhappiness but hadn’t captured the upside high-income people enjoyed. When more carefully measured, happiness continued rising with income. However, there were dramatically diminishing returns. There were real gains to happiness in moving from $100,000 in income to $200,000, but to see that same gain again required another doubling of income, to $400,000. Extend the curve, and it flattens further. 

I believe this finding should influence tax policy. A more progressive tax code that levies inherited wealth is a net positive: It raises revenue; holds happiness steady; and motivates the most privileged to strive. As I’ve said many times, greatness is in the agency of others. Most people work their entire life to achieve economic security for their family. Those who receive that security as a birthright owe it to themselves, their families, and society to transform unearned privilege into earned purpose. There is no tax that’s not taxing. But estate taxes come close.

Growing up, I was the kid being raised by a single mom who didn’t have money. I was reminded of this when my friends bolted from our newly integrated public school (Emerson) for a private school (Windward). I was left behind, wearing fake top-siders (real Sperrys cost $32) and being devastated when I lost the Vuarnets my mom had given me for Christmas. But this isn’t a sob story. We were never hungry or afraid, and being the kid who was always late on his fraternity bill ignited embers of desire and grit that have served me well. Also, now that I have some money, I just plain enjoy it more than people born with it.  

Fits of Sobriety

As I get older, I drink more but am also more sober. In fits of sobriety I recognize a lot of my success is not my fault. (Note: I am not humble, but among my many skills is basic pattern recognition.) No one thing, but an amalgam of blessings: being born in America a white, heterosexual male in the sixties; having a mother irrationally passionate about my well-being; benefiting from government-funded technologies (e.g., the internet, GPS); beginning my career in a risk-aggressive, entrepreneurial culture; having access to deep pools of capital; and getting admitted to the University of California. That affordable and accessible higher education, funded by California taxpayers, illuminated a path of upward prosperity. Key to my ability to access this path was affirmative action, specifically Pell Grants.  

Small-Minded, but Ugly

The GOP’s small-minded, ugly bill would cut Pell Grants by $67 billion through 2034, reducing grants to low-income students by more than one-fifth from 2027 through 2034. More than half of Pell students would have their aid reduced in some way. The math is simple: My kids inheriting a few million less so we can offer millions wider paths to education, jobs, wealth, and more tax revenue is a no-brainer trade-off. The whole point of, and reward from, prosperity is to protect. As the Greek proverb says, “A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they shall never sit in.” My generation is full of old men who are in the business of clear-cutting. It needs to stop.

Life is so rich,

P.S. The Prof G Markets Pod now has a newsletter edition. Sign up here to receive it every Monday. You can thank me later.

 

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Rise of the Toligarchs

The 0.1% have insulated themselves from the general public with their own schools, health care, transportation, security, and justice system. The members of this rarefied class are unfazed by the chaos unfolding outside their gated properties. They’re indifferent to Roe v. Wade’s demise, immigration roundups, and rising prices at Walmart. If a family member has an unwanted pregnancy or mobs arrive with pitchforks, they’ll always have access to mifepristone and residency in Dubai, London, or Milan. They’re invested in hedge funds and fine art, not in the future of America. With the means to hire shrewd defense attorneys and aggressive PR firms that weaponize social media bots, the superrich are protected by the law, but not bound by it. The lower 99% are bound by the law, but not protected by it.

Living in their bubble, the extremely rich express shock and horror, but opt not to rock the $300 million boat. Along with prominent Republicans, Democrats, and corporate CEOs, they’re brothers in the disarmament … of our democracy. They’re forging an unholy alliance, tolerating the descent into kleptocracy and the slow burn toward fascism. If the heat pierces the shields they’ve erected, these Transnational Oligarchs, or Toligarchs, as I’ve labeled them, can grab their bags, write a check, and purchase a “golden visa” to Greece or Portugal.

Paying Your Debt

With vast wealth comes enormous influence. Money is a proxy for power. The top 0.1% have more than five times as much wealth as the bottom 50%. Just 100 billionaire families invested a record $2.6 billion in federal elections last year, 1 of every 6 dollars spent overall. These wealthy individuals could galvanize politicians and push back against policies that undermine American values, but they’re largely quiet. When you fail to speak out against threats to democracy, equality, and the rule of law, you turn your back on the people and country that elevated you to the iron throne of prosperity. Even the Lannisters always paid their debts.

Doom Loop

There’s a clear pattern: As wealth concentrates, political spending capacity increases, which secures policy outcomes that further concentrate wealth, creating a self-reinforcing cycle that undermines democratic equality. The most dramatic acceleration of this trend occurred after Citizens United, the 2010 Supreme Court ruling that opened the doors to unlimited spending on American elections. 

Consider the following stats:

In 1963, the wealthiest American families (the top 1%) had 36 times the wealth of families in the middle. By 2022, that had grown to 71 times.Billionaire political spending is up 160-fold since Citizens United. And the wealthiest 400 U.S. families paid an average federal individual income tax rate of just 8.2% between 2010 and 2018, a 2021 White House study found.

In sum, as wealth inequality gets worse … it gets (even) worse.

Class Traitors

In his first 100 days as president in 1933, Franklin D. Roosevelt moved swiftly to lift the country out of the Great Depression, building the foundation for his New Deal. As historians have observed, he had another objective: to prove democracy works. But the president’s programs sparked criticism from rich Americans, who regarded him as a traitor to his class. A powerful group, including the DuPonts, the founders of General Motors, and assorted oil millionaires, launched the American Liberty League to fight back.

Today we again need some bold class traitors to address America’s worsening inequalities. Over the past two decades, the top 0.1% of American households have seen their share of the country’s wealth rise from about 10% to 14%, according to Federal Reserve data. During the same period, the bottom 50% of Americans have watched their stake go from about 2.5% to …. 2.5%. More than $22 trillion (and counting) is in the hands of the 0.1%, while just $4 trillion is spread out across the bottom half of the country.

Exit Strategy

New data last month showed that $1 trillion of wealth — more than the value of Switzerland’s economy — was created for the 19 richest American households in 2024. It would take 726,000 years for 10 typical American workers to earn the $365 billion the country’s 10 richest billionaires made in the past 12 months.

The rapidly-expanding class of Toligarchs remains silent. Not because they’re content with the disorder, disruption, and erosion of American values, but because they continue to get richer. They lack the courage to make any noise, and their rights are largely portable. And the gap would only widen with Trump’s “big, beautiful” tax bill, which would take from the poor and give to the rich. The top 0.1% on average would reportedly gain more than $389,000 in after-tax income in 2026.

Just a few decades ago, when the rich felt more invested in America, such stats would have triggered a greater outcry. However, things have changed. Rather than using its platform to strengthen America, the country’s aristocracy is focusing more on its exit strategy if shit gets real. When the wealthiest 0.1% talk about diversification today, there’s a good chance they’re thinking about passports, not private equity.

Second Passports

One part of the escape plan are those golden visas, which allow foreigners to live and work in another country by making a large investment — starting at around $280,000 and stretching into the millions — and often offer a path to a second passport. Among the most attractive destinations are Greece, Italy, Malta, Panama, Portugal, and Thailand. One investment migration adviser (no doubt a growing business) said in January that it had registered a 1,000% increase in interest in second residencies and citizenships over the past five years. Bloomberg has chronicled how rich Americans are “flex-working” on the French Riviera, preparing to “swoop in” if New Zealand relaxes its ban on foreigners buying homes, and “flocking to Spain,” despite the end of its golden visa.

The Hamptons of England

In Britain, meanwhile, record numbers of Americans applied for citizenship in 2024, especially in the months leading up to the start of President Trump’s term. The surge in interest in getting another passport was attributed to the president’s reelection bid and victory in November, as well as tax changes in the U.K. that have pushed rich Americans to obtain British passports before they leave the country.

The number of Americans buying prime London real estate in Knightsbridge, Mayfair, and other expensive neighborhoods surpassed Chinese purchasers for the first time last year. A story in the Guardian earlier this month quoted a chef and business owner in the Cotswolds saying the region was becoming the “Hamptons of England.”

Gold Card

Globally, a record 135,000 millionaires are projected to migrate to a new country this year. In the U.K., where I’ve been living for a few years, not a day goes by without a story about millionaires fleeing the country in search of lower-tax jurisdictions or greater economic stability. A record number of British citizens have applied for Irish passports, five years post-Brexit, as they strive to gain “backdoor” access to the European Union.

At the same time, the U.S. is hoping to attract Toligarchs moving in the opposite direction. While America carries out a wave of arrests and visa revocations of students, it’s moving forward with a new “gold card” visa program that could lead to permanent residency for wealthy individuals who are willing to pay a fee of about $5 million. Anybody who is willing (i.e., needs to) pay $5 million for a visa to a Western country is not moving but fleeing.

Investing in America

American prosperity and rights blessed me with the opportunity to move to the U.K. These included access to family planning that staved off poverty for my single mom; the free and accessible education I got at UCLA/Berkeley, thanks to affirmative action programs (i.e., Pell Grants); and the country’s culture of entrepreneurship. The U.S. also offered the rule of law and consistency, which created the deepest pools of capital in the world (I’ve raised close to $1b for my startups and projects), an unrivaled talent pool of citizens and the best and brightest from abroad (immigrants), numerous European and Asian clients who enjoyed working with “the good guys” (Americans), and sane fiscal management that enabled massive investments in the technologies that have made me and hundreds of my colleagues wealthy. Those factors opened many doors for my family, including this one allowing me to cross the Atlantic for a spell.

This is not a time to plan an exit, or stay abroad, but to return home. 

When I head back next year, I’ll use my voice and proximity to money and power to push for change to Make America America Again. And BTW, for those suffering from TDS (Trump devotion syndrome), hope is on the way. EBA (evidence-based analysis) or BPR (basic pattern recognition) should eventually pry people away from the criminality and stupidity of this administration.

For now, the Toligarchs are aligned with Fortune 500 CEOs, who privately believe the country is on a dangerous course but publicly cower. Just as the first corporate titans to stand up for what’s right will reap reputational and commercial rewards, Toligarch class traitors will earn a place in the history books as American patriots. At a minimum, if your blessings have not translated into the courage and obligation to use your power and platform to publicly voice concern, then do us all a favor and privately shut the fuck up.

Life is so rich,

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The Fix

The Fix

This week, President Trump signed an executive order to lower drug prices, demanding the U.S. receive most favored nation status from pharmaceutical companies — that they charge Americans the lowest price paid abroad. Trump said his policy would cut drug prices by 59%: “Whoever is paying the lowest price, that’s the price that we’re going to get.” One issue though: It’s bullshit. Pharma stocks fell initially, but they more than recovered once the market realized the executive “order” is voluntary. The markets saw the order as a Mack Truck sees an insect — barely. The announcement is laughable when set against the regulatory capture of the U.S. healthcare industry. 

Up Against It

In the Wall Street Journal, historian Niall Ferguson wrote, “any great power that spends more on debt service than on defense risks ceasing to be a great power.” Sooner or later, the interest on the debt crowds out a nation’s capacity to do anything else — fight wars, survive pandemics, build infrastructure, fund social safety nets, etc. In fiscal year 2024, the federal budget earmarked $877 billion for defense and $878 billion to pay the interest on our debt. As Ferguson explained, “America’s fiscal position is far more constrained today than ever before.” In fact, he argued, we’re facing a debt crisis similar to the ones that contributed to the downfalls of the Spanish, French, and British empires. As I previously wrote, countries typically are not conquered — they go broke. America is up against it.

Fiscal Gap

Reigning in our debt should be a national priority, but it isn’t. Congressional Republicans are working to make Trump’s tax cuts permanent, which would add $9 trillion to the debt — 3x the national debt of Germany. During the campaign, Elon Musk said he’d cut $2 trillion from the federal budget. More recently, DOGE claimed to have saved $160 billion, but a nonpartisan analysis determined those cuts came at a cost of $135 billion, netting savings of $25 billion. The GOP refuses to acknowledge math and believes the nation will grow if we cut taxes to zero. Meanwhile, nearly all Democrats oppose entitlement cuts, and most also oppose cutting defense spending, believing instead that we can tax our way out of debt. This bipartisan Kabuki dance is juvenile. Just as parents tell themselves their kid “doesn’t need college in today’s world,” we’ve decided there is a free lunch, governments with their own reserve currency don’t risk default, and we’re not headed toward a cliff. 

Modern Monetary Theory is the latest consensual hallucination between policymakers who want to excuse their past behavior and those who want an excuse to spend more. They believe a perpetual motion machine does exist. Spoiler alert: It doesn’t. I received a degree in economics (weak flex, as I graduated with a 2.27), taught macro- and microeconomics in grad school (better flex), worked in fixed income for Morgan Stanley (getting weaker again), and have written several books on economics and finance (you decide). It’s dangerous to be certain, and I’m not an economist. But I am … certain that MMT is fucking stupid, and any economist espousing this intellectual traif makes RFK Jr. seem like Jonas Salk.  

Anyway, when the adults show up we should have a serious sit-down re closing the fiscal gap — the amount the government needs to raise taxes and / or cut spending, as a share of GDP, to stabilize our fiscal health. The Treasury estimates the current fiscal gap is 4.3% of GDP. Stanley Druckenmiller, famous for betting against the British pound and delivering 30% annual returns over three decades, puts the gap at 7.7%. 

U.S. debt-to-GDP currently stands at 120%, with the CBO projecting it could rise to 160% by the 2050s. But in a presentation that should be required viewing for Congress, Oakcliff Capital CEO Bryan Lawrence points out that the CBO projections include a number of unrealistic assumptions: no recessions, no wars, no pandemics, 4% interest on Treasuries, 2% inflation, a birth rate of 1.9, the addition of 1.9 million immigrants per year, and Trump’s tax cuts expiring. What we should focus on, Lawrence argues, is the 2% real growth in healthcare costs per capita. A 1 percentage point reduction in the growth of healthcare costs per capita translates to 3% of GDP. According to Lawrence, that gets us halfway to our goal of eliminating the fiscal gap, which he estimates to be 6% of GDP. In sum, reducing healthcare costs isn’t the best option, it’s the only option.

Expensive, but Bad

Every election cycle, candidates tell Americans their healthcare system is expensive and broken. Yes, Americans know this. Incomprehensible insurance bills, medical and dental debt haunting 40% of U.S. households, and trips to Canada or Mexico for cheaper prescription drugs have turned our healthcare system into one of our biggest sources of emotional distress. U.S. healthcare is a $4.9t corrupt cop. In a report that looked at costs and outcomes across 10 industrialized nations, researchers at the Commonwealth Fund wrote, “The U.S. continues to be in a class by itself in the underperformance of its healthcare sector.” For those in the back of the class, that’s the wrong kind of exceptionalism. 

According to the most recent data, the U.S. spends $13,432 per capita on healthcare — more than twice what the average comparable nation spends. We pay 8x what Germany and Switzerland pay for Ozempic and 7x what they pay for Humira. Insulin, which has been in mass production since the 1930s, costs 8x more in the U.S. than it does in Greece. The median cost of a coronary bypass in the U.S. is $89,000, approximately 8x and 5x what the procedure costs in Spain and Australia, respectively. In the U.S. a childbirth with a C-section costs 4x what it does in South Africa. An appendectomy in the U.S. costs 3x what it does in the U.K. For what we spend, we should be the healthiest nation among our peers. We aren’t; we pay significantly more for dramatically poorer outcomes.

Follow the Money

This week, House Republicans floated $880 billion in Medicaid cuts over the next decade to help pay for Trump’s $4.5 trillion tax cut. Even by Washington standards, the math doesn’t math. But considering the GOP’s slim Congressional majority and the political fallout from throwing an estimated 8 million people off the health insurance rolls, the proposal likely won’t go anywhere. These aren’t serious people. 

A serious person would ask a simple question: Where does the money the U.S. spends in excess of what other nations spend on healthcare go? Answer: 30% of it goes to administrative costs, split evenly between providers and insurers. Another 10% goes to prescription drugs. Higher salaries for U.S. doctors and nurses and investments in medical equipment account for the rest. 

Let’s Make a Deal

There’s no silver bullet to lowering costs, but Bryan Lawrence identified our two most powerful tools: Pricing transparency and negotiating prescription drug costs. The 2022 Inflation Reduction Act (worst name ever) granted Medicare the power, for the first time, to negotiate drug prices. Based on a complicated formula, Health and Human Services selected 10 drugs covered under Medicare Part D. The discounts range from 38% to 79%. When these prices take effect next year, Medicare will save an estimated $6 billion, and Medicare beneficiaries will save $1.5 billion in out-of-pocket costs. In the final days of the administration, Biden’s HHS secretary announced another 15 drugs, including Ozempic, would be eligible for Medicare negotiation. Q: Why isn’t the largest purchaser of pharmaceuticals on the planet able to negotiate costs — like everyone else — on all drugs? A: Fuck if I know.

Price Transparency

The insurance industrial complex imprints two ideas into the zeitgeist. First, you’re irresponsible if you don’t have health insurance. Second, the best companies offer employees gold-plated plans as a point of differentiation. As an entrepreneur, I noticed that my firm’s health insurance premiums increased by two or four points above inflation every year. Those costs were effectively nonnegotiable, so when I had the means to do so, I went naked, saving my family $50,000 per year in premiums. Note: I’m not suggesting you do this — I’m fortunate to be able to absorb any healthcare costs.

Total U.S. healthcare expenditures were $4.9 trillion in 2023. Think about the previous sentence: The U.S. healthcare industrial complex is bigger than the entire German economy. Private businesses accounted for 18% of total expenditures, with three-quarters of that money going toward insurance premiums. American households, two-thirds of which have employer-sponsored plans, picked up another 27% of total expenditures via employee contributions to premiums, co-pays, and out-of-pocket expenses. In a functioning market, consumers would allocate their dollars toward lower costs and better outcomes. In the U.S. healthcare market, however, consumers are left in the dark while insurers and providers maximize profits. 

More than 90% of Americans support greater healthcare price transparency. I don’t know what the other 10% of Americans are thinking, but I do know that roughly the same share of Americans work in healthcare. Probably just a coincidence. Injecting price transparency into healthcare could save an estimated $1 trillion annually, as employers and consumers could harness the power of markets to lower costs and inspire better outcomes. Senate Republicans, Democrats, and even the chamber’s lone socialist support the Health Care PRICE Transparency Act 2.0. So why hasn’t it become law? Because money is speech, and the healthcare industry and its lobbyists have told Congress, “Give us America’s wallet, or we will fucking kill you (get you booted out of office).”

K Street

In 2024, U.S. businesses spent $4.4 billion on lobbying. It may be the greatest ROI in economic history. One study found that lobbying connected to a 2004 law that created a one-time tax holiday for repatriated profits delivered a 22,000% return. In 2013, Amgen spent $5 million lobbying Congress for a two-year reprieve from Medicare price controls on a single drug. That effort resulted in $500 million of Medicare payments to Amgen. No other industry embodies regulatory capture like the healthcare industrial complex.

Andor

I’m watching Season 2 of Andor. It’s the best television show so far in the Star Wars franchise, but even if the Force isn’t strong with you, Andor is an illuminating case study in how revolutions begin. When we meet Cassian Andor, he’s a petty thief, but as the Empire steps up pressure across the galaxy, our hero and others like him evolve into revolutionaries.

Luigi Mangione, who allegedly murdered a health insurance CEO, isn’t a revolutionary, but he’s become a folk hero. His crowd-funded legal defense fund recently topped $1 million, with an average donation of $20. That a murderer would be seen as a hero is depraved — and revealing. Given everything America has lived through — deindustrialization, two forever wars in the Middle East, the Great Recession, an opioid epidemic, the highest per capita pandemic death rate among comparable industrialized nations, the largest generational wealth transfer in history, and millions of young men failing to launch — it’s not surprising that voters chose a felon who promised that he alone could fix it. He can’t, but if we don’t fix it, the wealth inequality at the root of America’s pain will self-correct via war, famine, or revolution.

Every One

A story that haunts me: For the first time, the New York Times announced the wedding of a young couple who weren’t legally getting married — just having a ceremony. The bride was suffering from terminal brain cancer and didn’t want her husband to inherit her medical debt when she died. We live in the most prosperous nation in history. We shouldn’t be asking our kids to borrow money to support their parents’ and grandparents’ lifestyle. And our daughters, every one, should be able to get married. 

Life is so rich,

P.S. Did you know I have another newsletter? The Prof G Markets Pod now has a newsletter edition. Sign up here to receive it every Monday. What a thrill.

The post The Fix appeared first on No Mercy / No Malice.

Brain Drain

The Manhattan Project, the top-secret U.S. government initiative to build an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did, relied on hundreds of brilliant scientists from leading universities. Many of them had fled fascist regimes in Europe and found refuge on American campuses, including Berkeley, Columbia, MIT, Princeton, Purdue, and the University of Minnesota. In the end, Adolf Hitler didn’t come close to developing a bomb. But if the rivers of talent had flowed in the opposite direction, the world would look dramatically different today. 

In the eight decades since World War II, collaboration among the federal government, academia, and industry has unleashed unprecedented prosperity and economic growth for America. No other country has been as successful. Consider the list of the 10 most valuable companies in the world. Eight are based in the U.S. Research funded by the federal government has paved the way for a long list of breakthroughs, from the internet to GPS to mRNA vaccines to Apple’s Siri.

Yet rather than building on this foundation, the White House is determined to destroy it. The administration is attacking science and slashing research funding at universities under the false flag of fighting antisemitism. The demands are more thought control than civil rights. An assault on progressive ideology vs. bigotry. The results could be devastating: The river of knowledge may flow in reverse. Loath to get in the way of an adversary making a mistake, global competitors are eagerly shopping at the greatest yard sale of human capital since German scientists bolted for America in World War II.

China Calling

Soon, China won’t need to engage in theft of U.S. intellectual property. It will become the primary source. After the White House in March moved forward with plans to lay off thousands of researchers from leading U.S. facilities, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Chinese recruiters jumped on social media to tout career opportunities in Shenzhen.

The Boston area is home to Kendall Square, which may be the most innovative square mile on the planet, and boasts universities including Harvard, MIT, and Tufts. In March, a Turkish doctoral student was arrested by masked federal agents, a year after she co-wrote an op-ed criticizing the school’s response to Israel’s war in Gaza. The governor of Massachusetts, Maura Healey, said: “China is on our campuses right now” recruiting scientists and faculty members. “That makes America less safe, less competitive, and has tremendous ripple effects for our economy.”

By many measures, China is already a scientific superpower. In other areas, it’s gaining ground quickly. The number of universities in China and Hong Kong ranked in the top 100 doubled to 12 over the past five years, while the number of American universities slipped to 38 from 40, according to the annual Times Higher Education list of more than 2,000 institutions. A different ranking of the top 500 showed that the number of Chinese universities tripled between 2010 and 2020, amid a slump for U.S. institutions.

Departures of Chinese scientists from the U.S. have also been accelerating, fueled by a 2018 program that sought to curb Chinese espionage. Although the Trump-era “China Initiative” was shut down four years later, reports of high-profile scientists of Chinese origin returning to China in recent months have raised concern. I believe there are likely numerous Chinese nationals who are spies, and … it’s worth it.  

Rivers of Talent

Imagine a football team that receives not one, but 31 of the 32 first-round draft picks. Every year. Now imagine the owner harasses the rookie quarterback, cleans out his locker, and threatens to have him and his family arrested and deported, sending a chill through the ranks of promising college players.

That would be … not smart. 

This is what the White House is doing. When you hear the term brain drain, you think of America as the primary beneficiary. The country has long been the envy of the world when it comes to attracting talent. But we can no longer take this status for granted. Last week, we wrote about the rivers of financial capital reversing and flowing away from the U.S. But the change in direction of human capital may be even more important. In a March poll by the journal Nature, more than 1,200 American scientists — three-quarters of the respondents — said they were considering leaving America. The journal’s job-search platform saw 32% more applications for positions overseas from January through March 2025 vs. a year prior.

Gigantic Miscalculation

European leaders aren’t wasting any time in exploiting America’s dramatic research cuts, restrictions on academic freedom, and funding freezes. The European Commission’s president, Ursula von der Leyen, earlier this week announced an investment of €500 million to woo international researchers, highlighting the EU’s values of freedom, openness, collaboration, and diversity. Without directly mentioning Trump, she said that undermining science and research is a “gigantic miscalculation.”

French President Emmanuel Macron, who joined von der Leyen at Sorbonne University in Paris, said his country would commit another €100 million to attract scholars and make Europe a “safe haven” for science. Macron said: “No one could have thought that one of the largest democracies in the world would erase, with a stroke of the pen, the ability to grant visas to certain researchers. No one could have thought that this great democracy, whose economic model relies so heavily on free science, on innovation, and on its ability to innovate more than Europeans … would make such a mistake.”

Many other countries see an opening, too. In the U.K., the Financial Times reported that the government is considering a £50 million program to court researchers, while Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, and Norway are progressing with their own plans. Regions within nations are jumping in as well: Catalan President Salvador Illa unveiled a €30 million effort — the “Catalonia Talent Bridge” — to finance posts for more than 70 American researchers facing restrictions to their academic freedom.

Slash and Burn

At my own institution, NYU Stern School of Business, I’ve seen firsthand the talent the rest of the world is racing to attract. The brightest scholars from the Indian Institutes of Science and other universities pace the halls of Stern. In sum, they dominate: exceptional scholars, teachers, and (American) patriots. To think that the U.S. is shutting off the tap — it isn’t just depressing, it’s fucking stupid.

Even if the White House is sparing artificial intelligence and quantum research from its slash-and-burn strategy, it has requested cutting the $9 billion budget of the National Science Foundation by more than half. The government agency, a major funder of basic science, math, and engineering, especially at universities across the country, terminated more than 1,000 active grants over a two-week period.

Waging war on universities and reducing federal funding for scientific research will weaken America’s economic competitiveness. Economists at American University found that a 25% cut to public R&D spending would cut gross domestic product by 3.8%. That’s comparable to the decline seen during the Great Recession, which ended in 2009. A 50% reduction in funding would lower GDP by almost 7.6%, making Americans much poorer.

Oppenheimer

The U.S. can’t rely on the private sector to replace the government in funding science. No corporation can match the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or Darpa, which has played a critical role as an engine of American innovation. Early-stage research is risky and requires massive capital — and patience — investments companies focused on quarterly earnings can’t justify. Prosperous nations play the long game. The world’s most valuable firms have one thing in common: They were built on technology financed by American taxpayers via public-private partnerships — government and universities.

They also excel at bringing the government, universities, and companies together. J. Robert Oppenheimer, the Berkeley and Caltech scientist and “father of the atomic bomb” and General Leslie Groves were crucial Manhattan Project players, as everyone knows thanks to the performances of Cillian Murphy and Matt Damon in the Oscar-winning film Oppenheimer. But hundreds of others — and dozens of companies, too — played supporting roles. As physicist Niels Bohr said in 1944, the government wouldn’t have succeeded without “turning the whole country into a factory.”

Golden Goose

It was fear of Adolf Hitler getting a bomb that drove Franklin D. Roosevelt to launch the Manhattan Project. But it was hope that spurred the president to write to Vannevar Bush, head of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, in November 1944. Roosevelt asked Bush to come up with a set of policy recommendations to sustain America’s wartime innovation during peacetime.

America’s innovation supremacy wasn’t an accident or birthright — it was earned through deliberate investment and intense collaboration among the world’s most exceptional minds. Now we risk throwing it all away. We’ve spent 80 years building a nearly unassailable lead, only to suddenly decide the race is optional. Our universities still dominate global rankings and our tech firms command unprecedented market power, but we’re actively dismantling the foundation that made it all possible. I believe America is being run by a mob family. That’s bad. What’s worse is that Michael Corleone is running the grift, and Fredo is running the government. America has become the textbook definition of snatching defeat from the jaws of victory. I was in Hamburg last week presenting at the OMR Festival (Online Marketing Rockstars), and the general vibe is bewilderment: How could a superpower be this stupid?

Life is so rich,

P.S. I enjoyed my conversation with Anne Applebaum, a Pulitzer Prize–winning historian and staff writer at the Atlantic, about the rise of kleptocracy in America. Listen here on Apple or here on Spotify, or watch it here on YouTube.

The post Brain Drain appeared first on No Mercy / No Malice.

The Great Rotation

“Stay in your lane” is a person’s way of saying they disagree with you, but they’re too lazy to counter your point(s) with any evidence or argument. I get this a lot when I talk about politics. Separating business from politics is akin to believing that fish swim independent of the water’s current. America’s toxic uncertainty is urging capital to look elsewhere. 

The world’s biggest yard sale is taking place now that brand America is sick, and the world is on the front lawn hoping to pick up $26t in economic activity on the cheap. Capital flows into EU index funds and institutional interest in investing in the U.S. are at 30-year highs and lows, respectively. As such, I believe Europe and China represent investment opportunities. Since the fourth quarter of 2024, I’ve been reallocating capital out of the U.S.

(Note: This post isn’t investment advice.)

Capital Flows

The Amazon River flows eastward across South America for 6,400 kilometers before it empties into the Atlantic. But 65 million years ago — a blink of the eye in geological time — the Amazon flowed in the opposite direction, toward the Pacific. Tidal rivers reverse their flow daily. Others reverse their flow annually as seasons change. Three times this century, the Mississippi reversed its flow during hurricane storm surges. In 1900 civil engineers reversed the flow of the Chicago River, changing its outlet from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi.

Capital flows also shift cyclically and as a result of human intervention. Unlike rivers, shifts in capital flows can be sudden and violent, as capital does not pledge allegiance, but moves aggressively toward safety and opportunity. In the most recent Bank of America fund manager’s survey, the allocation to U.S. equities fell to a net 36% underweight. That represents a 53-percentage-point swing in the U.S. equity weighting since February — the biggest two-month decline on record. In the same survey, 73% of fund managers said they believed U.S. exceptionalism had peaked. What began as a cyclical movement in capital akin to a river’s seasonal change in direction now resembles a transformation on the scale of the Amazon’s ancient rerouting — though this shift was engineered and accelerated by humans, like the redirection of the Chicago River. 

Regression to the Mean

Heading into the recent NFL draft, Shedeur Sanders, the University of Colorado quarterback and son of NFL hall of famer Deion Sanders, was considered a likely first round pick. As it turned out, he was the 144th overall pick in the fifth round, costing him an estimated $40 million. I don’t know what Deion told his son afterward, but here’s what I’d tell mine: You’re better than your worst moments, but never as good as your best ones. This regression to the mean is one of the most powerful forces in the world. Also, Deion should tell his son to tell his dad to shut the fuck up.

Over the past decade, U.S. equities have delivered an extraordinary 14.8% annualized return, outpacing global ex-U.S. equities (7.0%) and Eurozone equities (7.8%). After a historic bull run, it’s tempting to believe American exceptionalism is a permanent feature, like gravity. Since 1975, however, the outperformance cycle for U.S. vs. international equities has lasted eight years on average. At the end of 2024, the U.S. was 13.8 years into the most recent one. U.S. equities are regressing to the mean.

Overvalued

Eleven months into the pandemic, Warren Buffett wrote in his annual shareholder letter, “Despite some severe interruptions, our country’s economic progress has been breathtaking. Our unwavering conclusion: Never bet against America.” This statement was based on a set of assumptions that our checks and balances protected the U.S. engines of growth (risk aggressiveness, rule of law, IP, university research, attracting premier human capital). Over the past 100 days it appears we’ve taken these things for granted, and I now believe it makes sense to bet on other regions. Over the long run, I’m bullish on America, as there’s no better platform for unleashing human potential. The question isn’t whether to bet against America, however, but at what valuation? BTW, if a human was engineered to be the polar opposite of Warren Buffett, they’d look strikingly similar to Peter Navarro.

During the Great Recession, I bought Apple and Amazon at around $10 to $12 per share. After 15 years and a historic bull run, I’m up around 19x to 22x. (Note: I also bought Netflix at $12, and sold at $10 — I get it wrong all the time.) The chocolate and peanut butter was the combination of great companies priced at historic discounts. Since then, the natural disruptions that bring valuations down and transfer value from incumbents to entrants have been arrested by massive stimulus (i.e., deficits) at the behest of an older generation, which is spending younger people’s money to prop up their wealth. But that’s another post. The Great Rotation isn’t as much a bet against U.S. equities, but simply the recognition that U.S. equities are overvalued relative to those of Europe and China. 

The S&P 500 trades at a multiple of 26x; the STOXX Europe 600 Index trades at a multiple of 14x, and the CSI 300 trades at a multiple of 15x. When stock valuations become inflated, future returns decline. I’ve done well with my Apple and Amazon investments, but with both of them trading at multiples of 34x, I’ve begun taking profits and looking for returns elsewhere.  

Great Bulls of China

At the start of the year, investors were bullish on China for a few reasons: strong corporate profits, AI breakthroughs, and the apparent easing of regulatory pressure from Beijing. The trade war and fears of a global recession have dampened China’s growth forecasts. The IMF cut its GDP growth forecast for 2025 from 4.6% to 4%. But as I’ve written before, China is better positioned than the U.S. to weather the fallout from a trade war. I also believe that, over the long run, tariffs will always trend toward zero as consumers opt for cheaper goods over … everything.

Anyways, the stocks I’m looking at:

Alibaba

Alibaba, China’s answer to Amazon, saw its stock hit an all-time high in 2020, and since then it’s off 62%. Its co-founder, Jack Ma, disappeared from public view after criticizing financial regulators. He resurfaced in 2023, but it wasn’t until this February that President Xi blessed his return in a meeting with Chinese entrepreneurs, urging them to “show their talents.” As one China-watcher told CNBC, Xi sent a clear signal that China’s policy priorities are private sector growth and AI. Last quarter, Alibaba posted $38.5 billion in revenue — a 7.6% YoY jump and its fastest rate of increase since 2023. Net profit increased 3x YoY, coming in at $6.7 billion. Alibaba’s growth was driven by its core e-commerce businesses and the progress it’s making on its AI-powered marketing tool. The stock is up 50% YoY. 

I believe Alibaba is well-positioned to continue to take advantage of the U.S.-China AI race. Alibaba’s challenge is expanding its consumer business units domestically and accelerating cloud growth (up 13% YoY this quarter). China’s household spending is less than 40% of the country’s annual economic output, 20 percentage points below the global average. Closing that delta offers a massive opportunity, and (again) China’s leaders have signaled support for Alibaba. In his annual report to parliament, Premier Li Qiang prioritized “consumption” over long-standing policies aimed at moving Chinese production up the value chain. While there’s concern that Chinese consumers may reduce spending on nonsubsidized goods, it’s worth thinking about what could go right. China may finally become a consumer economy — a transformation that would benefit Alibaba. Finally, BABA’s cloud revenue will likely register a surge as European firms shift their gaze east (away from the U.S.) for cloud services.

Build Your Dreams

Starting at $8,000, the BYD Seagull has a range comparable to those of other EVs and comes standard with autonomous driving technology, and in the coming years it will receive a battery upgrade with 5-minute charging capabilities. My Pivot co-host, Kara Swisher, really wants one, but they aren’t available in the U.S. — a fact that hasn’t slowed BYD’s growth. Its first-quarter revenue jumped 36% YoY, to $23.5 billion, while its net profit doubled, to $1.26 billion. This year, BYD is on track to sell 5.5 million vehicles, including 800,000 exports and is the fastest growing brand in the UK. Meanwhile, Tesla, which registered a first-quarter sales decline of 13% YoY, trades at a multiple of 130x, vs. 20x for BYD. The Chinese company’s mission is to cool the Earth by 1 degree Celsius, and it just launched its first cargo ship. 

Das Bulls

Even before “Liberation Day,” capital inflows to European equities were at a decade-long high, suggesting the Great Rotation was already underway. The trade war has accelerated inflows, but it’s also contributing to a growing sense of European patriotism. In the first two weeks of April, U.S.-focused funds managed by Amundi, State Street, and UBS saw a combined outflow of $4.5 billion. As I previously wrote, America’s retreat from the post-war order it created could be a catalyst for the EU to harness its economic strength and finally become a true union. After Germany’s recent decision to lift its constitutional debt restrictions to boost defense spending above 2% of GDP, the bloc began discussions to encourage other member states to make similar fiscal reforms. A defense boom across the continent keeps Ukraine in the fight, but it’s also an economic stimulus for the EU.

Vertical Aerospace

I try to avoid helicopters. They’re noisy and smell of fuel. To me, helicopters feel flimsy and crude, like a fan stuck on a soda can with duct tape. I spend most of the journey adding up the staggering number of points of failure. Statistically, helicopters are 26x more likely to crash than commercial airplanes, and helicopter crashes are 230x more likely to result in a fatality. The upside? Helicopters are one of the few last-mile solutions at the premier choke point in travel.

I recently participated in a $50 million PIPE in a British company called Vertical Aerospace (NYSE: EVTL) that’s developing an electric flying taxi. Electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft are quieter than helicopters and emissions-free, and they have lower projected operational and maintenance costs. They may also turn out to be safer, as eVTOL aircraft use distributed propulsion systems with redundant motors and battery packs. Built for short hops with small payloads, eVTOL aircraft aren’t meant to replace helicopters, but rather create a new last-mile solution capable of delivering people, packages, and meals without having to navigate through traffic jams on the ground. 

Currents

The eVTOL sector is in the process of testing and regulatory certification. The FAA is adopting new regulations, while U.K. regulators are using an existing framework for aircraft under 5,700 kg for interim operations and tailoring as they go. Also, the EU has realized that its rich uncle (Sam) has gone bat-shit crazy and can no longer be counted on for support. If the EU, per its claims, increases defense spending from 1.9% of GDP to 3%, an incremental $200 billion more will be spent on defense per annum. This, in my view, could be a turning point for EU stocks and tech firms. This wager is much riskier than betting on BABA or BYD, as the bankruptcy risk is real. The stock is off 97% from its high, and American competitors Joby and Archer trade at 10x that valuation. I see this one as rocket fuel: It’s got enormous thrust (upside), but it’s dangerous (downside).

Restoring Balance to the Universe

I went to a pop-up bar last night run by the doorwomen from the recently burned down Chiltern Firehouse (#enormousfuckingbummer). I believe the universe was not comfortable with me having access (they liked me for some reason) to the best room in Europe. The natural order has been restored, and now I’m back at members’ clubs with other middle-aged men trying to fill the void in their chest with alcohol and clinging to the myth that David Beckham and Guy Ritchie also “hang out here.” Too much? 

Anyway, it wasn’t about the venue, but the people in the room. And it’s the same here with VERT. I co-invested with my friend Jason Mudrick (Mudrick Capital). The previous investments he stitched me into returned 4x and 30x. So he had me at hello.

As Brand America shifts from prosperity and rights to oligarchy and corruption, I distract myself with a great American pastime: wondering how I make money here. The greatest own-goal since Brexit/Iraq/Vietnam is underway, and, as in any disruption, there is an explosion in Alpha. It’s fun and (again) helps distract me from watching the pillars that provided me with a life my immigrant parents couldn’t imagine crumble. It helps. Sort of.

Life is so rich,

This week on my Conversations pod I spoke with New York Times columnist David Brooks about the decline of true conservatism and the crisis facing men and boys. Listen on Apple or Spotify or watch on YouTube.

 

 

 

 

The post The Great Rotation appeared first on No Mercy / No Malice.

Breaking the Silence

Hello, Mr. President

At different points, I’ve worked with 30 Fortune 100 CEOs. I believe 90% of them wake up in the morning, look in the mirror, and think, “Hello, Mr. President.” These are talented, confident, tall (we’re a highly looksist nation) people, who surround themselves with supporters who are damn impressed with their genius. 

But the key attribute of leadership is doing the right thing when it’s hard. Really hard. It’s difficult for CEOs to speak out as the U.S. president demonstrates a willingness to declare war on everyone, all at once. Best just to keep calm (i.e., quiet) and carry on. There’s a powerful quote attributed to a German theologian: “Silence in the face of evil is itself evil. Not to speak is to speak. Not to act is to act.” In this case, business leaders are saying their fear and idolatry of the dollar trumps all. 

Their silence is cowardice.  

Mob Boss

Similar to a mob boss, the president has created an incentive system to keep everyone in line. Donating $1 million to his inauguration fund, nodding politely, publishing a (bullshit) press release about a “massive” investment in domestic manufacturing, and staying quiet is the way to go … if you know what’s best for you and your economic interests. I’ve heard firsthand that CEOs at the biggest companies agree — in private — that Trump’s policies are dangerous and stupid. In public, they cower. They keep their heads down and their knees bent, fearing retribution or hoping to profit.  

The fastest-growing, and possibly most dangerous, class in America is what I’d label the Transnational Oligarchs (“Togarchs”). The Togarch has no use for the government once Uncle Sam’s check has been cashed. The charging stations are built, and the government-sponsored technology is already stitched into their offering. The rule of law, regulation, tax system, and public infrastructure that paved the way for their billions is now a liability for their “genius” — an obstacle to paying no taxes or worrying about the damage their product(s) levy on others. They have little vested interest in the things the government does or why it requires their tax dollars. Their wealth, comparable to that of a nation state, yields its own sub-infrastructure: private schools, health care, security, and rights. Overturning Roe v. Wade or rounding people up poses no threat to them. If shit gets real, and someone in their life becomes pregnant or people show up with pitchforks, no bother. The Togarch will always have access to mifepristone or residency in Dubai, London, or Milan. In sum, they’re no longer Americans. The Togarch class is growing and slowly co-opting Fortune 500 CEOs to join their ranks.

Just Do It

These corporate titans are not only doing the wrong thing but bypassing an economic opportunity. The first CEO who forcefully and publicly resists Trump could reap significant benefits, both reputationally and commercially. Leadership springs from unexpected places, but from a pure brand perspective, the biggest commercial opportunity rests with the CEO of an iconic American brand (e.g., Apple, Nike, P&G, Walmart). You can make a case for Walmart, which gets about 60% of its imports from China (down from 80% pre-Covid). But Nike is even better positioned to push back. Tariffs are threatening to hobble Nike’s effort to revitalize its brand and reverse a decline in sales, with the company making a large share of its footwear in China and Vietnam. Nike, famous for innovation, high-profile endorsements, and breaking barriers, is suddenly uncool. Its market value has tumbled more than 60% from a 2021 high.

Nike is especially well positioned as … it has less to lose. This is not a time for the swoosh to be timid and stay the course. Being bold is in Nike’s DNA. Exhibit A: Colin Kaepernick, the former San Francisco 49er who refused to stand during the national anthem to raise awareness about police brutality against Black Americans and racial injustice more broadly. Conscious of the potential brand damage, Nike reportedly almost dropped him. Instead, the company in 2018 chose the outcast quarterback as its spokesperson for the 30th anniversary of the “Just Do It” campaign, thrusting it into the national spotlight, sparking an outcry, and driving some sports fans to set fire to their sneakers in protest. It was a disaster … for Nike’s critics. The company’s sales surged by more than 30%. This wasn’t reckless. It was genius.

Nike did the math. They knew they’d piss off right-wing conservatives. But they also knew they didn’t matter. Nonwhites made up a greater share of Nike’s customer base than of the population at large. Most of the company’s consumers were younger than 35 and lived outside the U.S. Few of these people thought America had race relations right. Nike shrewdly concluded that gains to its brand would dwarf any downside. The people who burned Nikes likely had to go out and buy their first pair.

Gangster Move

Nike’s CEO shouldn’t bring a knife to a gun fight. He should weaponize one of the great creative teams in consumer history and fire up the company’s storytelling machine — outstanding marketers supported by world-class creative firms including Wieden+Kennedy. What could be more effective than a message of resistance showcasing American values through the lens of sport — the role of immigrants, teammates, fair play, and international competition? 

The first large American company to go out on a limb and do this successfully will attract huge amounts of goodwill from consumers, manufacturers, and partners at home and abroad. This is Nike, Walmart or Apple’s prize to lose. But it could be captured by other leaders, including Satya Nadella at Microsoft or Marc Benioff at Salesforce — their iconic brands are built on American values. They shouldn’t wait. The advantage will erode sharply for the second and third CEOs who follow. The risk has been overstated. The Trump army is divided, and it’s got more bark than bite, snapping at every dog in the park. Does anybody take him or his threats seriously any more?

Turbulence

Given the rising stress levels in corner offices across America, we may be nearing a turning point. Citadel CEO Ken Griffin noted on April 23 that no brand in the world could compare with U.S. Treasuries, given the strength of the dollar and the nation’s creditworthiness, but that Trump’s tactics had eroded America’s reputation (a point I’ve been making for weeks). And Jamie Dimon, one of Wall Street’s most influential figures, has raised concerns about tariffs, warning about long-term damage to America’s credibility. But dancing around the issue and feebly highlighting the “considerable turbulence” facing the economy, Dimon looks like he’s auditioning to become the next Treasury secretary rather than filling the leadership vacuum. 

For now, the most meaningful conversations are happening behind closed doors. On the public stage, CEOs are shrinking from the fight. Disney’s settlement in December in Trump’s defamation case against ABC News — approved by CEO Bob Iger — had a chilling effect. The company agreed to donate $15 million to Trump’s future presidential foundation and museum and an additional $1 million for his legal fees instead of fighting a case they would have won. They were afraid of Trump, not the law.

Goldman Sachs CEO David Solomon, meanwhile, referred to “landscape changes,” and “uncertainty about how certain things that are close will proceed forward,” among other euphemisms, in discussing the bank’s financial results and outlook earlier this month, as the New York Times reported. Executives steered clear of mentioning Trump directly or using the word “tariff.” 

This marks the end of an era that never was: the era of “stakeholder capitalism.” The notion that businesses have a responsibility that extends beyond their shareholders to society at large. I’ve served on seven public, and dozens of private, company boards. Spoiler alert: This is, and always was, bullshit. The CEO/board has only one group of stakeholders in mind: shareholders.  

Voice

If Nike or any other corporation needs inspiration, they should look at Harvard, which ought to win the award for best brand decision of the year after becoming the first American university to officially resist Trump’s vow to “reclaim” elite schools. 

Harvard sued the Trump administration earlier this week, fighting back against its threats to cut billions of dollars in research funding after the institution said it would defy the White House’s demands to limit activism on campus. Alan Garber, its president, wrote in a public letter that “no government — regardless of which party is in power — should dictate what private universities can teach, whom they can admit and hire, and which areas of study and inquiry they can pursue.”

The only testicles in sight in the government appear to be possessed by women (you know what I mean). Senator Lisa Murkowski, the Alaska Republican who hasn’t been shy about challenging Trump, showed how it’s done last week at an event in Anchorage. “We are all afraid,” she said. “I’m oftentimes very anxious myself about using my voice, because retaliation is real. And that’s not right.” But, she added, “that’s what you’ve asked me to do. I’m going to use my voice to the best of my ability.”

Janet Mills, the governor of Maine, who has consistently clashed with Trump over a state anti-discrimination law that allows transgender athletes to participate in girls’ and women’s sports, has also refused to give in. When Trump threatened to pull funding from her state earlier this year, Mills responded: “See you in court.” 

The markets are in turmoil, and we’ve turned on our allies for no discernible benefit … but thank God a 14-year-old transgender girl isn’t playing volleyball in rural America. When did America get this fucking stupid and cruel?

Brick in the Fascist Wall

The pursuit of money at the expense of freedom is a common thread that runs through some of the darkest periods of history. The first year of Adolf Hitler’s reign was a crucial period in which German businesses could have resisted his regime. Instead, as scholars have documented, some provided key financial support for the Nazi party. Others became complicit in Hitler’s crimes, driven by fear, greed, or antisemitism.

Few leaders took Hitler seriously, and those who worried about antisemitism believed it wouldn’t affect “the kind of people I know,” as Northwestern professor Peter Hayes told Fast Company last month. Hayes is skeptical American businesses will behave any differently today in response to Trump. Based on the lack of courage we’ve seen so far from corporate America, it’s difficult to rebut that point.

Leadership is doing the right thing even when it’s hard. Not becoming another brick in the fascist wall. Standing up to the administration’s policies may be painful in the short term, drawing rage from the president and his team of clowns and enablers, but it presents an enormous opportunity over the longer term for Nike, Walmart, Microsoft, Apple, or some other household American brand. It’s never the wrong time to do the right thing.

When do we stop being so stupid and afraid? When do we show some courage, even if it involves risks to shareholder value? When do we nod to the sacrifice others before us have made? When do the Americans show up?  

Life is so rich,

P.S. If you missed my conversation with Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney, you can listen on Apple or Spotify or watch it here on YouTube.

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United States of Debt

“I would like to come back as the bond market. You can intimidate everybody.”

— James Carville 

America is blinking. The day after April Fool’s Day, President Trump “liberated” the United States from an eight-decade run as the world’s economic superpower, raising the cost of capital for the federal government, American companies, and consumers. If this sounds like stupidity, i.e., hurting others while also hurting yourself, trust your instincts. But don’t trust America. A blackout drunk is behind the wheel of the U.S. economy. All around us, horns (bear markets; consumer confidence plummeting to historic lows) are blaring. In the backseat is a cultist (GOP) who thinks the red lights Trump has blown through, and the accidents in his wake, are baller moves. Also in the backseat: a sulking teen (Democrats) who’s visibly upset but can’t articulate what they want or suggest a better route. Riding shotgun, though, is an adult the driver can’t ignore, the bond market.  

(Dis)order

First-year economics students are taught that money evolved to make early barter systems practical. In his book Debt: The First 5,000 Years, anthropologist David Graeber argues that the barter story was likely a fiction created by Adam Smith; Graeber believes the earliest coins were actually tokens used to keep track of debt. “The moment one starts framing things in terms of debt, people will inevitably start asking who really owes what to whom?” 

Debt is both a financial instrument and a social construct that binds people, firms, and nations to one another and links together the past, present, and future. As many anthropologists have pointed out, debt has moral implications around fairness, responsibility, and obligation, as it’s a tool through which we impose order. Historically, Judaism,  Christianity, and Islam outlawed interest under most circumstances, counseled their followers against taking on debt, and advised debtors to repay loans promptly. When someone saves another person’s life, the person they rescued is said to be in their debt. When a criminal has served their sentence, they’re said to have repaid their debt to society. In a debt crisis, the real risk is not default, but a breakdown of the economic, social, and political orders.  

How bad is this debt crisis? It’s too early to tell. But as former Treasury secretary Lawrence Summers explained, what has people most scared is the real-time erosion of the American-led economic order. Our reputation as a bastion of strength and stability, with our dollar and Treasuries representing safety, is in jeopardy. Increasingly, we resemble an emerging economy, where a crisis in confidence sends stocks, bonds, and currencies down and spikes interest rates. “If the United States isn’t credible, that makes the whole financial system less stable,” Summers said, adding, “we are more vulnerable to bad surprises from here than to good surprises.” One potential bad outcome? A stagflation cocktail of high interest rates, low growth, and high unemployment. This week, Fed Chair Jerome Powell warned that Trump’s trade policy and the resulting uncertainty may put us in a “challenging scenario” in which the Fed’s dual-mandate goals of maximum employment and stable prices are “in tension.” That’s Fed-speak for: This could be a clusterfuck.  

Exorbitant Privilege 

Since World War II, the U.S. dollar and U.S. Treasuries have been the backbone of the global economy. Charles de Gaulle called this “exorbitant privilege,” as it creates an asymmetrical financial system where foreign governments effectively subsidize American living standards and firms. Just how exorbitant is difficult to quantify, but, as economist Barry Eichengreen argued, the privilege isn’t what it was in the 1960s when de Gaulle complained that America was far too powerful. Still, our exorbitant privilege is a benefit, not a liability, as reliance on U.S. currency and debt lowers our cost of capital and increases the punching power of our economic sanctions. But in the wake of “Liberation Day,” analysts at Société Générale, Deutsche Bank, and Goldman Sachs expressed concern that America’s privilege is eroding.

Drunk on Debt

A financial adage frequently attributed to John Maynard Keynes, John Paul Getty, and others: “If you owe the bank $100 that’s your problem. If you owe the bank $100 million, that’s the bank’s problem.” This is the paradox of debt. The bigger the outstanding balance, the more the risk shifts from debtor to creditor … for a time, anyway. Trump, who bragged that he was “the king of debt” during the 2016 campaign, has leveraged this paradox his entire career, filing for bankruptcy six times. But compared to the federal government, Trump is a lightweight.

Bipartisan

Despite decades of warnings from economists and business leaders, increasing the debt is one of the longest-running bipartisan traditions in Congress. Conservatives (teetotalers) campaign as deficit hawks, then vote to increase the debt for unfunded tax cuts. Liberals (social drinkers) deprioritize debt by pairing big spending initiatives with modest proposals to increase revenue, i.e. taxes. And progressives (full-blown alcoholics) champion Modern Monetary Theory, which holds that governments with control over their own currency can finance spending without worrying about deficits or debt, as long as they manage inflation. How’s that working out?

America is drunk on debt. We continue to drink at the bar long after last call. Spiking bond yields and the declining dollar are interventions. It’s not too late to get sober, however. I believe we should do it for our kids, as debt is a tax on future generations. But as I argued in my Ted Talk, despite saying we love our children, we’re waging war on them. There’s another reason to sober up: self-preservation. Sovereign debt crises have been the green mile of empires, from ancient Rome to the French monarchy to the Ottoman and British empires to the Soviet Union. America is exceptional in many ways, but we’re not exempt from history. Countries typically are not conquered, but go broke.

Vig

In budgetary terms, some people call the U.S. an insurance company with an army. This is correct insofar as our largest deliverables are the greatest military in history and a social safety net that lags behind those of other industrialized nations. But our fastest-growing spending priority is the interest on our debt. If current laws remain the same, net interest payments will total $13.8 trillion over the next decade, rising from an annual cost of $1.0 trillion in 2026 to $1.8 trillion in 2035, according to CBO projections. Rising interest rates increase the vig, crowding out mandatory and discretionary spending, as well as our capacity to respond to future crises. 

Bonds Away

General Omar Bradley once said, “Amateurs talk strategy, professionals talk logistics.” His point was that war plans, even when the defense secretary doesn’t drunkenly share them with the Atlantic’s editor-in-chief on Signal, don’t count for much. It’s the unsexy stuff — supply lines, resources, and infrastructure — that wins wars. The world’s least-sexy financial instruments are U.S. Treasuries. They have historically been viewed as the safest bet in uncertain times. U.S. debt is both a shield that protects us from higher borrowing costs and a sword that, when used in conjunction with the dollar as the global reserve currency, guarantees American economic hegemony. But as with any weapon, if we lose control of it, our debt can be used against us.

The U.S. debt is roughly $36 trillion. Nearly three-quarters of that debt is held by U.S. investors, the Fed, and various federal agencies, including the Social Security Administration; the rest is held by foreign investors. China is currently the second-largest foreign holder of Treasuries, behind Japan. After last week’s shit show, some analysts asked, without hard evidence, whether China was to blame for bond market volatility. That question misses the point. It’s not what China did or didn’t do, but rather what it’s capable of doing now that the Blinker-in-Chief has put a spotlight on our Achilles’ heel. 

Dumping Treasuries raises U.S. borrowing costs, and, more important, undermines global trust in American leadership. It also hurts China, as a fire sale means they’ll take losses too, and a possible recession hurts everyone. Beijing’s fear of that economic pain has been a strong deterrent … until now. A trade war makes the pain real, meaning China has a lot less to lose (and potentially something to gain) by using our debt against us. And China has a pain-multiplier here: An increase of 50 basis points on a $36 trillion debt adds about $180 billion per year in additional interest — the equivalent of 13 aircraft carriers (we currently have 11), or $30 billion more than DOGE claims it’ll save taxpayers this year.

Game Theory

Our debt isn’t our only vulnerability. China holds $3.2 trillion U.S. dollars, more than any other foreign nation. Devaluing the U.S. dollar in the face of rising inflation would hurt Americans, as they’d pay even more for less. China’s mortgage-backed securities position is less clear, but as one of the top three foreign MBS holders it has the power to spook an already troubled housing market. China’s leading export partners are ASEAN (a 10-nation trading bloc in Southeast Asia) and the EU, followed by the U.S. Decoupling hurts both countries, but it hurts us more, as our exposure is greater and our pain tolerance lower. Remember, Americans freaked out about toilet paper and masks during Covid; China did actual lockdowns. We lost 36,000 service members fighting in Korea; before tapping out, China suffered 10x the casualties. We don’t have the tolerance for pain to exchange fire in an economic war with China. Ask Bowen Yang who’s more willing to endure hardship for the glory of their nation.

In Bund We Trust?

In the same week that U.S. Treasuries surged 50 basis points, yields on German bunds were largely unchanged. According to Bloomberg, that’s the biggest underperformance since 1989. In nonfinancial terms: As investors lost trust in the U.S., they found safety in Germany. One fixed income portfolio manager put it this way: “Bunds have been one of the only rate markets that has acted as a risk-off asset during recent volatility.” Are bunds the new T-bill? Too soon to tell. But if last week kicked off a debt crisis that unravels the world order, Germany — even allowing for a recent increase in defense spending — looks like a paragon of fiscal responsibility compared to other industrialized nations.

Lannisters

Ostensibly, HBO’s Game of Thrones was a show about knights, dragons, arctic zombies, and hot people. But underneath the veneer of sex and violence, the show was an epic story about the relationship between debt and power. As three economists who analyzed the political economy of Westeros wrote, “those who control the purse strings of the realm thereby acquire political power … [and] although it is a foreign institution, the Iron Bank becomes a key political player in Westeros.”

“Full faith and credit” is American for “a Lannister always pays his debts.” Instead of a mad king sitting on the Iron Throne, we have a very unstable genius (minus the genius) sitting behind the Resolute desk. His small council of sycophants know better, but, drunk on a cocktail of fear and greed, they cheer him on, claiming “He’s playing 4D chess.” This is the bullshit we hear from the Sparrows who can’t offer a counterargument to what is depressingly clear: The president’s actions are nuclear-grade stupidity.  

Chess? At this point, the Western world is expecting him to eat the pieces. Trump’s game isn’t chess or checkers, but Russian roulette with bullets in five of the six chambers. The interpretive dancing and intellectual pretzeling of the remaining cultists doesn’t fool the Iron Bank, aka America’s creditors. In Season 1 of True Detective (#awesome), Matthew McConaughey needs something from his former partner, Woody Harrelson. McConaughey convinces him with a simple statement: “You have a debt,” calling on his sense of equity and a bond they share to reciprocate. Europe, China, the Middle East, and America all, at one time, imprisoned people who couldn’t pay their debts.

With 4% of the world’s population and 25% of global GDP, we have a debt to our allies, who’ve engaged in relationships that provide roughly 6x the prosperity relative to the rest of the world. However, that hasn’t been enough, and we’ve accrued unsustainable debt. From George Washington through George W. Bush, we borrowed $10t. During the first Trump administration, we borrowed $8t (Biden was $4t). We find ourselves ignorant of our debts and in a prison of our own making — a giant with feet of clay, ignorant to our vulnerabilities. In sum, we (America) are acting like assholes.

Life is so rich,

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Toxic Uncertainty

Jesus, this is Stupid

Countries have long used tariffs to protect strategic industries or counter unfair trade practices. In some cases, targeted tariffs are justified. In his first term, Donald Trump imposed levies on hundreds of billions of dollars of Chinese goods — tariffs that Joe Biden largely retained. But blanket tariffs of the scale we’re now seeing are what leeches are to medicine, an outdated strategy that doesn’t work.

With his “Liberation Day” tariffs, Trump has threatened to blow up the global economic order and spread pain around the world, from China to the Pacific island nation of Nauru. But when the shitstorm subsides, America will emerge from the wreckage with the most serious wounds. Erecting a protectionist trade wall around the U.S. is a brilliant idea … if your goal is to elegantly reduce American prosperity.  

The markets ripped higher Wednesday when Trump postponed tariffs on dozens of nations (except China) — pulling the knife halfway out of the back of the U.S. economy — then tumbled again the next day. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent told reporters: “I don’t see anything unusual.” Investors disagree. They realize these injuries will take years to heal. Brand America now stands for toxic uncertainty. 

Extreme tariffs, if sustained, will immolate decades of economic integration, bringing an end to an era of globalization that’s created unprecedented wealth for the U.S. They’ll raise prices and decrease demand for American products abroad, curbing economic growth and destroying shareholder value. The revenue raised will be dwarfed by the losses. Like Britain’s vote to leave the European Union in 2016 — dubbed “Independence Day” by Nigel Farage and the other Brexit dullards — Trump’s tariffs will go down as one of the biggest own goals in history. But this is Farage on steroids, and the fallout will be much wider. 

It’s impossible to foresee exactly how this will play out. Before I sign off, Trump’s sclerotic policies will undoubtedly have lurched again (see above: toxic uncertainty). But what’s clear is that Trump’s trade war will thrust America’s allies into the arms of its adversaries. To quote Winston Churchill: “There is only one thing worse than fighting with allies, and that is fighting without them.” We’ve moved to the “worse” part of the equation. One country is playing the long game, however, and positioning itself to exploit America’s self-harm: China.

Bob and Weave

When I first moved to New York, I started boxing with a trainer, who convinced me that I had a gift (I was paying him) and talked me into entering a tournament. I was dumb enough to do it. I remember the bell, and the bright lights as I lay flat on my back. More than two decades later, my nose still veers to the right. It turns out a 23-year-old, 5-foot-8 guy who knows how to box and weighs 190 pounds, is a reasonable facsimile of Mike Tyson when matched up against a 38-year-old professor. My rookie strategic mistake: assuming your adversary won’t hit back.

After Trump detonated his tariff bomb in that now infamous Rose Garden ceremony, China responded swiftly and aggressively, declaring it would match the president’s taxes with its own levies on imports from the U.S. Although Trump later said he’d pause “reciprocal” tariffs for most countries for 90 days, he raised tariffs on China’s exports to 145% in a desperate cry for some sort of big (i.e., small) dick relevance. China has vowed to “fight to the end.” The difference: Xi means what he says. Trump is the other guy.

While a trade war will likely hurt China more, that misses a key point: China is willing to endure more pain. Remember, we left Vietnam after losing 58,000 men compared with more than 1 million for the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong. I love the U.S., but the notion that Americans are going to tolerate 50% fewer toys under the Christmas tree and $3,500 iPhones is laughable.  

New Alliances

Amid the chaos, Europe is pitching itself as “reliable, predictable, and open for fair business.” The EU has signed trade deals with Mexico, Chile, and Mercosur — a South American bloc that includes Brazil and Argentina — and aims to finalize a pact with India by the end of the year. As the markets melted down, and the president’s acolytes took to CNBC to make excuses for giving the wheel of the world’s largest economy to a madman, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen visited Central Asia to seal a new strategic partnership. 

Among the countermeasures Europe is considering if talks with Trump fail are imposing tougher regulation on American Big Tech and taxing digital services. And there’s the insult to the injury. Europe loses revenue that trades at about 0.3x price/sales (Mercedes), while we lose revenue that registers at about 8x price/sales (Meta). This is not apples for apples, but apples to aircraft carriers … and we are on the wrong side of the trade.

Trump could also thrust Europe into the arms of China. The two sides agreed to restart negotiations after the EU hit Chinese-made EVs with greater tariffs last year, with Europe willing to take a “fresh look” at pricing. China, the world’s second-largest economy, is holding its first economic dialogue with South Korea and Japan in five years and carrying out a broader “charm offensive” aimed at redirecting exports away from the U.S. China is touting itself as a global trade champion, minus the toxic uncertainty. In a meeting with Spain’s prime minister today, Xi Jinping called for closer collaboration with the EU to defend economic globalization and resist Trump.

Nobody Gets Out Alive

Regardless of how skillfully America’s trading partners react, Trump’s tariffs will inflict significant global damage. Tariffs on European exports could reverse any gains from Germany’s planned defense and infrastructure spending, while also hitting Italy, Ireland and other countries especially hard. At the same time, China is coping with Trump’s measures at a time when it’s trying to attract foreign investment to tackle anemic growth and deflationary pressure. Even governments in Africa that Trump has contemptuously dismissed as “shithole countries” find themselves in his crosshairs.

In addition to sending shock waves around the world, the tariffs will lead to carnage at home. Trump believes that taking the effective U.S. tariff rate to levels we haven’t seen in a century will spark an American manufacturing renaissance, make the country more self-reliant, and correct decades of unfair trade imbalances. In pursuit of this fever dream that will never turn to reality, we’ve decided to fight a war on every front. Each nation will see products imported from the U.S. rise in cost as they respond with their own tariffs. However, the U.S. will see an increase in the cost of all imports as we take on the world.   

Anyone? Anyone?

If you know the 1930 Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, it’s likely you recall the scene from Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, the 1986 Matthew Broderick movie. Anyone? Anyone? Smoot-Hawley imposed sweeping tariffs on imported goods to protect American workers — sparking a global trade war and deepening the Great Depression in the process. U.S. tariffs under Trump will be even greater.

Hurting Apple

Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick sees a future in which Apple’s iPhones are assembled in America, eliminating what he called a Chinese “army of millions and millions of human beings screwing in little, little screws.” With Apple making most of its iPhones in China, a trade war means the company will have to eat the costs or raise prices and shift the pain to its customers — a scenario that could drive the cost of a high-end iPhone to as much as $2,300 from about $1,600 and slash Apple’s market cap. 

Although the company has diversified production to other countries, those nations too have been targeted. And — sorry, Howard — Apple isn’t going to make iPhones in America. If the company chose to relocate production to the U.S., they could cost an estimated $3,500. Lutnick asked why iPhones can’t be made in the U.S. with robotics, but he also seems to realize that automation won’t fuel a sharp rise in manufacturing jobs. The insanity of believing “this time” will inspire a better outcome led to Apple shedding the value of Walmart in three trading days.

Even if America were to undergo a manufacturing revival, it would take years to realize. Intel estimates it takes three or four years to complete construction of a semiconductor fabrication plant. U.S. producers also import an array of items, from car parts to electronic components, relying on countries including Mexico, China, and Canada. 

Undermining America’s Advantages

Trump’s tariffs ignore other important factors. As the number of manufacturing jobs has plunged since the 1970s, U.S. wealth has surged, with the country relying increasingly on knowledge-economy jobs in areas ranging from software development to financial products. America has made a conscious decision to move to higher-end businesses that pay better than traditional manufacturing roles. 

To be sure, industrial towns across the nation have experienced painful declines, and many Americans have been left behind. But I don’t see young Americans clamoring to work on an assembly line. There are better ways to address America’s economic problems, lift people out of poverty, and tackle inequality. One is to hike the federal minimum wage to $25 an hour from a pathetic $7.25, as I’ve argued before.

Nvidia vs. Mercedes

There’s another reason this is idiotic: America exports higher-margin products and imports lower-margin ones. Contrast Nvidia, which enjoys a 56% profit margin selling highly valuable computer chips, with Mercedes, the German carmaker, which expects a profit margin of no more than 8% this year. U.S. exports also create much more market value — Tesla recently traded at more than 8x revenue, while Toyota traded at less than 0.8x revenue — meaning the tariffs will punish American companies more.

Autocrats First

Before he’s even reached the 100-day mark, Trump has given lap dances to a murderous dictator in Russia, ambushed the democratically elected leader of Ukraine at the White House, sought to undermine the rule of law, jeopardized the country’s position as a global research leader, and threatened to take over Greenland and annex Canada. Canada, which hid Americans in Tehran during the Iranian hostage crisis.  

By isolating itself and splintering its economic alliances, America is on a dangerous course that will weaken its economy and imperil its dominance on the global stage. It’s as if Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin are running the country, not Trump and Vance.

White House officials said the U.S. is considering offers from 15 countries and is close to trade deals with some of them. Does anyone believe that? Regardless of how these talks unfold, confidence in America is rapidly eroding. Rebuilding trust and repairing the economic damage will take many years.

Stupid

The definition of stupid is hurting others while hurting yourself. Let’s hope the Republicans riding shotgun will realize the guy with his hand on the wheel is crazy. My prediction: Within six months, U.S. tariffs will be largely the same as when Trump decided to Make America 1890 Again. U.S. citizens will opt for Netflix and Novocaine over outdoor plumbing and child labor. Xi will not back down. With Trump, he’s come to the same conclusion as Succession’s Logan Roy re his own kids: “You are not serious people.” Stupid, just fucking stupid.

Life is so rich,

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Earners vs Owners

It’s tax season in the U.S. At least 60 million Americans have taxes that are so simple, the IRS could do them automatically and just send them the bill. Instead, the average American spends $270 and 13 hours filing their taxes each year. Is anyone surprised that the IRS is the least popular federal agency, according to Pew?

Last month, DOGE came for the tax man. Half of the IRS workforce, 90,000 people in total, is reportedly on the chopping block. Meanwhile, Republicans in Congress are inching closer to extending Trump’s 2017 tax cuts. Some people will cheer these developments. They’re good news … for the wealthy, i.e. Owners. But lowering tax rates and decimating IRS enforcement capabilities are jazz hands. Our tax code exacts a high price on Earners, i.e. everyone else, especially the young. And the price is even higher when enforcement is rendered a paper tiger, as the shortfall is either added to the debt, or used as a pretext for cutting programs like Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security. As Warren Buffet once said, there is class warfare in America, “but it’s my class … that’s making war, and we’re winning.” 

This post was originally published last May, but the war remains the same: Owners are crushing it, Earners are getting crushed, and the battlefield, aka the U.S. tax code, continues to be a weapon of mass distraction. You can read the original post here.

Over the past several decades, America has waged a covert war against the young. One front in this war is our income tax system, which favors Owners over Earners. Young people are almost all Earners, while Owners are typically older, and the tax code is a wealth-transfer vehicle for Owners to garner a greater share of our common wealth. The good news? It can be changed … back.

Pwned

If you get a paycheck, whether it’s salary or freelance, and that’s how you pay your bills, you’re an Earner. Owners, on the other hand, might collect wage income, but their real money comes through profits from investments: stock sales and dividends, rent from property, and other income streams derived from the ownership of assets. To be an Earner is noble; you work for a living, and labor is a sacred thing. Labor is the source of food, shelter, entertainment, and every material pleasure of society. We even celebrate it with a holiday, the first Monday in September. Pro tip: If you want to celebrate Labor Day somewhere awesome, try as hard as you can to become an Owner.

Owners also get a celebratory day. It’s April 15. Another pro tip: If you’re ever featured in a commercial calling you a “hero,” it means you’re getting fucked. The most fortunate in our society have no holiday, as they don’t need one. They recognize that holidays wallpaper over the inequity faced by anybody who gets a day in their honor.

Income taxes for Earners are deceptively straightforward. Take your annual income, subtract the standard deduction ($24,000 for a married couple), make a few other calculations, and then pay a percentage of what’s left to Uncle Sam. And the income tax rates for most people are low: A two-adult household making less than $100,000 per year pays 10% or less in federal income tax. Many pay much less, or none at all. Sounds reasonable, right? But there’s a catch. Several … catches.

First, for those paying “only” 10% or less of their wages in income taxes, other forms of tax are a heavier burden. At the federal level, Social Security and Medicare add almost 8%. Then all states collect taxes, and most state tax systems are “regressive.” All told, lower-income people pay a greater portion of their income in taxes than many rich people.

Sales tax, property tax, and other government revenue sources (licensing fees, permits and filing fees, and car registrations) take a larger bite out of lower-income households. In “low-tax” Florida, the most regressive state, low-income families (Earners) pay 13.2% of their income in state and local taxes, the middle class pays 9.1%, and the top 1% (Owners) pays just 2.7%. In fact, lower- and middle-income Florida households pay about the same in total taxes as they would in “high-tax” California. The next time you hear someone complain about low-income people who “don’t pay any taxes,” remind them that income tax doesn’t exist in a vacuum — low-income people often pay over 25% of their income in taxes.

There’s a myth that the rich don’t pay their fair share of taxes. The reality is most “rich” people — the super-earners — pay more than their fair share. A married household making more than $500,000 per year is in the top 5% of households by income and pays an effective federal income tax rate around 25%. Half a million dollars may seem like a lot, but careers that pay that well require expensive college and graduate degrees, entail long hours, offer little job security, and they’re typically in high-cost-of-living locations with high state income tax — in New York or California, add another 10% on to that 25%. With other taxes, including sales tax, the total tax burden borne by mid-career professionals can reach 40% of their income. The baller who makes seven figures plus is often working for the government: Their (total) effective tax burden can approach 50%. Until, that is, they can make the jump to lightspeed (i.e., become an Owner).

Think of building wealth as launching a rocket ship into orbit. Rockets burn 95% of their fuel to escape Earth’s soupy atmosphere and incessant gravity. Once you get to orbit, you’re a master of the universe — covering thousands of miles with just a touch of propulsion. Wealth is similar. The atmosphere is your expenses; the distance traveled, your income. Most of us never generate enough current income to make the jump to space and become an Owner — save enough to invest so our primary source(s) of income are passive. Investing is difficult, if not impossible at low income levels. Saving your first $100,000 is incredibly hard. The next $100,000 is tough, but you now have momentum and start to see the curvature of the Earth. Once your current income is substantially greater than your expenses, and you’ve deployed an army of capital that fights for you and your family in your sleep, you’ve made the jump. What we’ve done with the tax code has rendered the atmosphere thicker and gravity stronger. Go to law or medical school, or live at the office, and you’ll see your (current) income increase, but you’ll also lose a bigger share to taxes, and the harder it gets to save and escape the gravity of being an Earner.

Orbit

Imagine if taxes worked like this: Everything you spend that’s remotely related to work is deducted from your taxable income. Clothes you wear and food you eat during the work week, your car, your internet and cellphone bills, furniture and square footage where you work at home (e.g., kitchen table), etc., all taken off your income before taxes. Pretty much anything you do on days you’re working, deductible. All past investments in education, deductible. If you spent more than you earned, as you did in college and graduate schools, you can roll over those losses as deductions in future years. In the meantime, deduct any credit card interest you’re paying. Any money you don’t spend? That’s not taxed until you retire and start spending it. If you give it to your kids, it’s never taxed at all.

If this sounds familiar but awkward, it is. It’s our tax code, through the lens of the Owner. The federal income tax code looks progressive: The highest marginal tax rate is 37%, more than 3x what the average American pays. But published tax rates are a weapon of mass distraction. They are the “rack rate” published on the door of your hotel room. Owners never pay the rack rate. They barely pay at all.

Unlike Earners’ taxes, Owners’ taxes are complex. As a result, determining the total tax burden of the very wealthy is difficult, but here’s what we know: In 2020 the 26,000 households with an income over $10 million paid 25.5% of their reported income in federal taxes, plus 5% to 10% in state and local taxes. But as I explain below, much of the cash they receive isn’t taxable income, and most of the increase in Owners’ wealth is never taxed at all. The White House has estimated that the 400 wealthiest households pay an effective income tax rate of just 8.2%, and ProPublica found that the wealthiest 25 households pay just 3.4%. We can’t say for sure what percent Owners pay on average, but it’s less than most of their employees pay. This complexity results in a transfer of wealth from Earners to Owners. The tax code has exploded from 400 to 4,000 pages in the past few decades. If you have GPS (advisers, loopholes for the wealthy), you want races run at night.

If the government is meant to decrease suffering and add happiness, then our current system makes no sense. Paying taxes of $5 million on $10 million in income is the difference between flying first class and flying private. Paying $15,000 on $60,000 in income might mean foregoing a second child.

Capitalism means accepting a society of winners and losers. And that’s OK. Wealth is a great reward for hard work, and talent is what drives us to create value.  Capitalism has brought prosperity to billions over the past 150 years. The problem is the system, if left unchecked, becomes increasingly inequitable and unsustainable. We’ve morphed from capitalism to cronyism, rigged in favor of Owners. How? Three ways: calculation, timing, and collection.

Calculation

Amateurs focus on tax rates. Professionals zero in on the calculation of the income to which those rates apply. In the 1950s the highest federal income tax bracket was 91%. Except nobody paid it. The tax code was a mosaic of loopholes, ensuring high-income taxpayers were able to shield most of their income. Now the top rate is 37%, but while the colors and fabric have changed, the Owner’s tapestry of tax avoidance still exists.

Owners receive cash from a range of sources: rent from tenants, dividends from stock, interest from loans, distributions from trusts, profits from investment partnerships, loans and lines of credit from banks, proceeds from asset sales, and more. Much of this income is shielded by pages of tax code defining what is, and is not, taxable. Owners who invest in the oil business leverage tax code provision section 263 (intangible drilling costs), section 613 (percentage depletion), section 611 (cost depletion), section 167 (geological expenses), section 199 (domestic production deduction), section 193 (tertiary injectant expenses), and section 469 (active losses). That’s just one industry.

Entrepreneurs are barely visible to the Treasury standing behind the tax code. Section 1202 excludes the first $10 million received in the sale of a business, a provision that saved me millions of dollars when I sold my firm L2 several years ago. When working at the firm — earning — I was paying 40+% taxes. But when I sold the business, my tax rate on the proceeds — owning — was 17%. Even before selling, every small business owner gets an enormous shield, the power to push all manner of personal expenses through the company income statement, thus making them tax deductions for the business rather than taxable income for the Owner.

Income that’s acquired by selling an asset for more than you paid for it is a capital gain, and isn’t subject to ordinary income tax rates. Capital gains rates (federal) max out at 23.8% instead of 37%. That’s still not the biggest loophole. Capital gains are only taxed when “realized” (typically when sold), so Owners’ assets grow tax deferred (some you can depreciate as they go up in value) and their sales are timed to minimize taxes. Earners lose 20% to 50% of their gains (from sweat) every year, a massive gravitational pull. Owners enjoy cleaner propulsion: As their wealth grows, the taxes are deferred until they sell … if they ever do.

But wait, there’s more. The biggest tax break Owners can register is dying, which resets the “basis” of their assets, so their heirs never pay taxes on the increase in value. Still, there’s more. The most indefensible loophole award goes to the “carried interest loophole” which permits investment fund managers to pay capital gains rates on their compensation. Tax policy groups have been lobbying to close this loophole for years, and Congress nearly did it in 2022, but Senator Kyrsten Sinema took $2 million from the private equity industry (aka Owners) and saved their $14 billion loophole. It’s well known that our leaders are whores. What’s more surprising, and disappointing, is what cheap whores they are ($2 million for $14 billion). But I digress.

Owners are so tax-advantaged that if they do have earned income, they often shield that from taxation as well. Donald Trump paid virtually no income taxes on the $427 million he made from The Apprentice — where he had an actual job — by offsetting that cash income with paper losses on his real estate properties (real estate is another of the most tax-advantaged industries). In 2007, Jeff Bezos made $46 million in actual income, yet he paid zero dollars in federal income tax, because he was able to shield that income with paper losses as an Owner (in reality, his wealth increased $3.8 billion that year). In 2011, not only did Bezos pay no income tax again, he claimed and received a $4,000 child tax credit — a program intended to lower child poverty. If you paid federal income tax in 2011, you helped feed Jeff Bezos’s kids. Don’t worry, he’s fine.

Timing

A key advantage of control over timing is state income tax arbitrage, practiced often by company founders. Several years ago, the media discovered the phenomenon of California entrepreneurs moving to Texas and Florida, and there was a lot of jazz hands about those states’ friendly business climates and youthful energy. The truth was simpler: Texas and Florida have no state income tax, and many of those founders were about to recognize enormous gains via sales of stock that had become worth billions. Elon Musk, who moved to Texas in 2020, sold millions of shares of Tesla, saving an estimated $2.5 billion in California income tax. When Washington State enacted a tax on income from asset sales, Jeff Bezos decided to spend more time with his father in Florida, which has no income tax, and sold 50 million shares of Amazon after he relocated. If taking advantage of Washington’s schools, roads, and tech ecosystem to build wealth, and then declining to pay taxes back to the state sounds wrong — and a massive additional burden on middle-class taxpayers who can’t peace out to Coral Gables — trust your instincts.

The best time to pay taxes is never, using the infamous “Buy, Borrow, Die” tax strategy. Wealthy Owners take out loans secured by assets such as company stock or real estate, and live off the loans (which are not considered taxable income) instead of selling the assets (which would incur a taxable gain). When the Owner dies, the stock goes to their heirs, who, with their “stepped up basis,” can sell enough stock tax-free to pay off the loans and start the cycle anew. This creates dynastic wealth, the lack of which used to be a key point of differentiation between Europe and the U.S. Used to be.

Collection

All of these strategies are legal and enabled by the complexity of the tax code. But that complexity also affords Owners another means of avoidance: cheating.

Skirting taxes stems from the complexity of the tax code itself. Wealthy filers can take deductions that don’t apply or classify income in inappropriate ways. And without an exhaustive analysis of the facts, there’s no way for the IRS to determine what they’ve done. Some of the losses Trump used to offset his income from The Apprentice may have been illegal — the IRS believes he claimed hundreds of millions of losses on a Chicago real estate project twice, burying the double-dip under a mountain of tax paperwork so tall it’s taken the IRS a decade to dig through it.

Owners can also choose to cheat bluntly, failing to report substantial income and making up fake expenses and losses. This was New York hotelier Leona Helmsley’s strategy. Before going to prison for tax evasion, she told her housekeeper, “We don’t pay taxes; only the little people pay taxes.” Offshore entities are a time-honored strategy for tax evasion. Trump’s campaign manager, Paul Manafort, concealed $16.5 million in income from the IRS in foreign bank accounts.

The Treasury’s analysis suggests $600 billion in owed taxes are not paid every year, equivalent to the total income taxes paid by the lowest-earning 90% of taxpayers. The avoidance is solely the domain of ownership income — 99% of the taxes owed on wages get paid. Owners can do this because Congress has starved the IRS of funding, and the agency audits fewer and fewer returns each year.

Tax Relief

Remedying these inequities is nowhere near as difficult as it would be to address many of the other challenges facing America. The most obvious and glaring remedy is to fund the IRS, enabling it to collect hundreds of billions in taxes owed but not paid. The Inflation Reduction Act was supposed to allocate $80 billion to the IRS over the next 10 years, but Republicans have attacked the measure, cutting $20 billion from the plan and keeping the IRS budget flat in 2024. Every $1 invested in tax enforcement targeting the wealthy returns $12 in revenue. To be clear, this isn’t harassment but enforcement. Most externalities are a function of incentives, and the government has incentivized owners to be incredibly aggressive on their tax returns, as there is little chance they’ll get caught. If you were on a highway with no police, would you speed?

Eliminating the special treatment given to capital gains is a simple fix that would increase tax revenue without increasing the tax burden of most Americans, reduce the incentive to cheat through misclassification, and make the tax system more fair. So would eliminating the step-up basis upon inheritance, which wipes away billions in taxes owed by the wealthiest people with little justification or social benefit. We should remove the income cap on social security tax (currently a paltry $160,000), which would help shore up the social security trust fund and make the tax code (not rates) more progressive. We should restore the highest marginal tax rate (for owners) to 40%. Biden and congressional Democrats have proposed all of these changes in recent years, but to no avail.

Since ownership carries with it some inherent tax advantages, a transaction tax would raise revenue from ownership in a fair manner. Numerous proposals, including one from Mike Bloomberg, for a 0.1% tax on securities trades and other financial transactions could raise nearly $80 billion per year, with the potential side benefit of damping high-frequency trading, which adds volatility without benefit to the markets. We should also levy a compute tax on cloud and AI services, as the wealth created by these innovations is accruing mainly to the wealthiest Owners. Compute is the new energy, and this is a chance to avoid the mistakes of fossil fuels, where we give tax breaks to Owners and stick Earners with gas taxes, among the most regressive surcharges in our system.

Finally, and most transformationally, Congress should take a chainsaw to the tax code, cutting the thousands of handouts to the ownership class that have been stuffed into it by lobbyists. Theoretically, finding the political will shouldn’t be difficult, as the majority of Americans are getting screwed by lawmakers representing a small number of their fellow citizens. Ironically, the Trump tax cuts paved the way for this change — by doubling the standard deduction, Trump ensured that just 10% of taxpayers take any itemized deductions — meaning 90% of voters should support eliminating the rest of them. Still, it may be a challenge, as the most valuable asset Owners own … is Congress.

We should reinvest some of the hundreds of billions of dollars per year gained by these changes to make the system fairer for Earners (i.e., the young):

Expand the child tax credit and the earned income tax credit and raise the floor required to pay any tax at all. (Currently it’s set by the standard deduction at $14,600/$29,200 for single/married households.) That would shield more lower-income households from federal income tax and reduce the impact of regressive state and local taxes.Lower the rates paid by higher-but-not-highest-income taxpayers, the professionals and entrepreneurs whose 60-hour-a-week climb up the professional ladder shouldn’t be rewarded with a 45% tax burden. This will make earning the way to ownership (aka the American dream) more feasible.

Below is a rough revised set of brackets that, with greater enforcement and the elimination of the Trump tax cuts on corporations, should get us to the same or greater revenue:

Patriot

I am troubled by the trend away from patriotism, fomented by a tech-billionaire class that conflates luck with talent, shitposts America, and prosecutes an economic war on the young. But America’s promise does not resonate unless it’s backed by performance. We diminish what’s great about America when we fail to talk about what’s broken in America. Especially when the fixes are within our grasp.

In defense of shielding Owners, lobbyists and our representatives in D.C. argue the wealthy are our most productive citizens, can better deploy capital, and need incentives to keep innovating. There is some truth to this notion, but we aren’t lowering taxes on the bulk of today’s innovators, the super-earners, or on future innovators, young people. Instead, we are ensuring a failure to launch by transferring more wealth to Owners/seniors. The three legs of the tax stool are corporations, super-earners, and super-owners. Corporate taxes are at their lowest levels since 1939 and the wealthiest Americans are paying single-digit tax rates, meaning the entire funding burden of our country rests on the super-earners and the young, who’ll have to survive the tsunami of debt we are aggregating to finance this inequity. This is capitalism collapsing under its own weight.

America, like any country, is a product — a mix of benefits that come at a price. America has been the best value (globally) for the better part of three centuries. Other than drugs, there is no other product so many people are willing to risk their lives to obtain. However, the value of America has diminished for super-earners and the young. We’re charging the former too much, and keep asking the latter if we can borrow their credit card. The bad news? This was deliberate, our decision. The good news? We can decide to fix it.

Life is so rich,

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