Two and Twenty Quotes

“Private capital is the new Big Finance. And with interest rates still low and parts of Wall Street firmly out of the spaces that private equity firms want to grow further in, the industry has room to be creative and grow its share of retirees’ balance sheets by managing even larger slices of pension fund money. This is active investing on a huge scale. Not market tracking, not index following. Private equity firms are always raising capital for one strategy or another, always deploying investors’ money with one hand and returning cash back with the other. Their customers tend to commit to more than one fund and are increasingly sticky, usually returning for more. They have built high-growth businesses that are getting better every day. They’re always winning.”
― Sachin Khajuria, Two and Twenty: How the Masters of Private Equity Always Win

“but the truth is that comparing what private equity firms used to be—and where the perception of private equity still sits in many quarters—to what they are now is like comparing a Motorola cellphone from the 1990s to the latest iPhone. There’s a world of differences; it’s not even close. For pension funds and other investors in private equity funds, the firms they back gives them access to investment opportunities they can’t find or execute themselves. What’s more, they get consistent investment returns out of these opportunities, whether they include leveraged buyouts, credit investments, infrastructure assets, essential utilities, real estate transactions, technology deals, natural resources projects, banks, insurance companies, or life science opportunities. They can buy companies, carve out businesses, build up companies through acquisitions and organic growth, spin off businesses, take companies private from the public market, buy businesses from other funds they manage, draw margin loans to finance dividends, and refinance the capital structure pre-exit. And more besides.”
― Sachin Khajuria, Two and Twenty: How the Masters of Private Equity Always Win

“He was a financial titan who had built a powerful and lucrative investment firm before a lengthy ban from the securities industry for insider trading and a short prison sentence ended his career. He emerged from incarceration to devote the rest of his life to philanthropy and politics, a transformation that did not convince some of his critics. He was perhaps not the ideal role model, but his advice was always crisp and helpful to recall at the right moment.”
― Sachin Khajuria, Two and Twenty: How the Masters of Private Equity Always Win

“After twelve months of going nowhere, the investment committee loses patience and takes over the deal more directly. Organic is sold to a special-purpose acquisition company (or SPAC) listed on local stock exchanges. A SPAC is a cash box with a blank check raised from investors to buy a business within a set timeframe as determined by the executives who run the vehicle. Often, as the vehicle is publicly listed, a SPAC can strike a deal at a higher purchase price than a private equity firm would be willing to pay. Its investors will accept a lower return than they would from a private equity fund, often because the investment is marketed to them as a safer or more straightforward bet. In this case, the SPAC is run by a former senior executive of a French food retail chain and a major hedge fund seeking to expand into the private equity industry. Their joint sector and finance experience is convincing enough for the SPAC’s investors to agree that the transaction is likely to be worthwhile. The”
― Sachin Khajuria, Two and Twenty: How the Masters of Private Equity Always Win

“On top of the potential for restructuring the business, there are significant bloated costs to trim. General Insurance is paying for expensive sponsorship deals with sports teams that offer little benefit. It needlessly maintains two Gulfstream private jets. Some managers work four days a week because their workloads are perennially light. Bonus plans have targets that are far too easy to meet. Pensions are inexplicably overfunded, and the company’s contributions to pension programs can be scaled back to the lower end of targets set by regulators. The IT department is overstaffed and full of pet projects that the business will never realize value from. Low-grade IT can be outsourced to Asia.”
― Sachin Khajuria, Two and Twenty: How the Masters of Private Equity Always Win

“The underpinning of their interest is the macro backdrop. The financial crisis is likely to be shorter-lived than the financial markets expect, they believe, because the Federal Reserve is poised to unleash powerful weapons of monetary policy on an unprecedented scale—in coordination with its counterparts overseas. The credit crunch will be overwhelmed by a sea of liquidity. This gift of almost a trillion dollars of freshly printed cash from the Fed alone will lift stock and debt markets to the point that investors will forget the jagged falls and crashes that have been torturing them in recent months. To be blunt, things will not stay cheap for long. It is an excellent time to buy a good business.”
― Sachin Khajuria, Two and Twenty: How the Masters of Private Equity Always Win

“As he absorbs what he is hearing, David muses that just this morning he was taught that fundraising is part of the lifeblood of a private equity firm—and yet here he is working on a secret plan for a version of…immortality. Management fees without the ticking clock of a finite fund life, helping to drive the Firm’s stock price higher as the Firm’s profits increase year after year. The concept is not new; it is inspired by Berkshire Hathaway, the listed investment vehicle led by Warren Buffett. But the application to private equity firms is novel, and at this stage, none of the Firm’s rivals are focused on it.”
― Sachin Khajuria, Two and Twenty: How the Masters of Private Equity Always Win

“In contrast, a new vehicle that brings in cash on the explicit basis that it may be invested in perpetuity could “structure away” this issue, and the associated management fees would be payable for as long as the firm and the investor are in business. And, of course, there would be performance-related fees on top, too. There will be some variation of Two and Twenty still payable—but with investors’ money locked up under management by the firm. These investment platforms are known as “permanent capital” or “perpetual capital” and they are often publicly listed.”
― Sachin Khajuria, Two and Twenty: How the Masters of Private Equity Always Win

“And although the Firm’s head count is growing, especially now that the Firm is a public company with all the middle and back office functionality that goes with that, head count is not growing as quickly as the assets under management are growing. This means the Firm profits from a rising pile of management fees paid by a rising pile of assets under management. That provides the Firm with operating leverage.”
― Sachin Khajuria, Two and Twenty: How the Masters of Private Equity Always Win

“Since the Firm’s IPO, the Founder and the partners have realized that the listed market seems to value more highly the stable, recurring management fees that the Firm brings in, come rain or shine—the two percent—over the larger, supposedly more volatile performance fees that crystallize when investment gains are monetized—the twenty percent. The stock price is largely driven by a regular stream of management fees under long-term contracts, and as assets under management grow for the Firm, the stock’s attractiveness to public market investors increases because this fee pile grows alongside the assets. Of course, there is a strong track record of delivering performance fees on top, because the funds perform well, but these are incremental to the equity story; they do not underpin it. For the stock market, the Two is mission-critical. The Twenty is important, but it is not taken for granted.”
― Sachin Khajuria, Two and Twenty: How the Masters of Private Equity Always Win