Think Tank Quotes

“The fact that nonhuman primates aid unrelated others firmly disputes the idea that helping requires cultural transmission through religious, moral, or educational institutions. Indeed, in a study of more than one thousand primarily Muslim and Christian children from countries around the world, religiosity was inversely related to children’s generosity in sharing stickers.12 Children from more religious homes gave away fewer stickers than did children from less religious backgrounds. Of great interest is that religiosity was positively correlated with the children’s interest in punishing perceived bad behavior.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“The developmental diaschisis hypothesis has important consequences for the treatment of autism. Developmental diaschisis opens the possibility that in early life, autism treatments may end op focusing on brain regions that were previously unsuspected to contribute to cognitive or social function, such as the cerebellum. For instance, failure of the cerebellum to predict the near future could make it hard for babies at risk for autism to learn properly from the world. Consistent with this, the most effective known treatment for autism is applied behavioral analysis, in which rewards and everyday events are paired with one another slowly and deliberately - as if compensating for a defect in some prediction process within the brain. Applied behavioral analysis works only on only about half of kids with autism. It might be possible to manipulate brain activity in the cerebellum to help applied behavioral analysis work better or for more kids.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“Benefits Of Old Gmail Accounts
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Old Gmail accounts can offer significant advantages for businesses and individuals. These aged accounts have built credibility over time, making them a valuable asset. Here, we explore the key benefits of using old Gmail accounts.

Better Deliverability
Emails from old Gmail accounts have better deliverability. Older accounts often have fewer restrictions. This ensures emails are delivered to the inbox and not the spam folder. Better deliverability means higher open rates. This is crucial for marketing and outreach efforts. It helps in maintaining effective communication with clients and partners.

Benefit Description
Enhanced Trust Old Gmail accounts build trust due to their history and stability.
Better Deliverability Emails from aged accounts are more likely to reach the inbox.
Overall, using old Gmail accounts can be a strategic move. They enhance trust and improve email deliverability. These benefits make them valuable for personal and professional communication.

Choosing The Right Accounts
When you decide to buy old Gmail accounts, selecting the right ones is crucial. Different factors affect the value and utility of these accounts. Let’s explore the key aspects you should consider.

Age And Activity
The age of a Gmail account can significantly impact its value. Older accounts tend to be more trusted by email providers. They are less likely to be flagged as spam. Look for accounts that are at least 2-3 years old. Activity is another important factor. Accounts that have been used regularly are more valuable. They often have a higher reputation score. Check the number of sent and received emails. Also, look for accounts with regular login history.

Reputation And Authenticity
The reputation of a Gmail account is critical. Accounts with a good reputation are less likely to get banned. They have a higher delivery rate for emails. Avoid accounts that have been flagged for spam or other issues. Authenticity is equally important. Make sure the accounts you buy are genuine. Avoid fake or bot-created accounts. They can harm your business reputation. Always verify the authenticity before purchasing.
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Factor Why It Matters
Age Older accounts are more trusted.
Activity Regularly used accounts have higher value.
Reputation Good reputation means higher email delivery rates.
Authenticity Genuine accounts protect your business.
Choosing the right accounts can make a big difference. Pay attention to these factors to get the most value from your purchase.

Where To Buy Old Gmail Accounts
Buying old Gmail accounts can provide many benefits. These accounts often have more credibility and trust. They can also help with various online marketing strategies. But where can you find these old Gmail accounts? Let’s explore some options.

Trusted Vendors
One of the best places to buy old Gmail accounts is from trusted vendors. These vendors specialize in selling aged Gmail accounts. They ensure the accounts are legitimate and secure. You can find reviews and ratings for these vendors online. This helps you choose a reliable seller. Trusted vendors also offer customer support. This is helpful if you face any issues with your purchase. They might also provide additional services like account customization.

Marketplaces
Another option is to buy old Gmail accounts from online marketplaces. Marketplaces like eBay and Fiverr have various sellers. These sellers offer old Gmail accounts at competitive prices. You can compare different offers and choose the best deal.
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― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“As with any computing device, understanding the brain involves characterizing the properties of its main components (neurons), the nature of their connections (synapses), and the pattern of interconnections (wiring diagram).”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“Our brains are comprised of around eighty billion neurons interconnected to form an enormous network involving approximately five hundred trillion connections called synapses.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“Martin Hammer in Menzel’s group had discovered a unique neuron, called VUMmx1, that responded to sucrose (a type of sugar) with electrical activity but not to an odor; however, after the odor was delivered, followed shortly by the sucrose reward, VUMmx1 would now respond to the odor.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“It may be, for example, that one key difference between the brains of straight women and lesbians is the function of a particular protein, like a voltage-sensitive potassium channel, that influences the electrical behavior of certain neurons in a brain circuit that influences sexual and gender-typical behavior.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“These include a portion of the hypothalamus called INAH3, which is larger in straight men, and a bundle of fibers that connects one side of the brain to the other, called the anterior commissure, which is larger in straight women. While there have been some well-publicized reports suggesting that the size of the anterior commissure and INAH3 are more femalelike in gay men,17 there have yet to be clear, independent replications of these findings.18”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“What differences can we observe in the brains of men and women? Can we use those differences to test the hypothesis that the brains of gay men are more likely to be partly feminized and the brains of lesbians are more likely to be partly masculinized? In”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“Here’s one useful hypothesis: when female fetuses and babies are exposed to higher levels of testosterone, their brains are partially masculinized, and this increases the chance that, later in life, they will become sexually attracted to women. Similarly, when male fetuses and babies are exposed to lower levels of testosterone, their brains become partially feminized, thereby increasing the chance that they will eventually become sexually attracted to men. There are several lines of evidence in support of this idea.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“Indeed, the nervous system of the octopus, thought to be the most intelligent invertebrate, is comprised of approximately half a billion neurons, more than six times the number in a mouse brain. Additionally, like humans, dolphins, and elephants, octopuses have a brain with a folded surface, ostensibly to pack in more neurons in a confined space, in contrast to the smooth-surfaced brains of other cephalopods, mice, rats, and marmosets. Thus although octopuses don’t have cortical regions associated with ToM, they have an exceptionally large brain capacity and may have evolved to solve the problem of ToM using different anatomical strategies.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“The dorsomedial striatum, a subregion of the basal ganglia, seems to be critical to goal-directed behavior. If it is damaged, the rat’s behavior will quickly become habitual even after limited exposure to a new task. Conversely, damage to the neighboring dorsolateral striatum will lead the rat to be more goal-directed and it will never lapse into habit, even after prolonged training.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“To test this they gave mice a first stroke in motor cortex and then waited a week before beginning retraining. As expected, the mice recovered only minimally because too much time had been allowed to pass before training was initiated. They then gave these same mice a second stroke in an area near to the original stroke, and, not surprisingly, the animals developed an even worse impairment. The surprising result was that with retraining the mice returned to normal levels of performance. In essence a previous stroke was treated with a new stroke. It should be made clear that this experiment was done to prove definitively that there is a sensitive period after stroke that allows training to promote full recovery at the level of impairment. It is clearly not a viable therapeutic option to induce a second stroke in patients after a first stroke. Other means will need to be found to have the same desired effect without causing more damage to the brain. One promising option is to combine drugs, such as the serotonin reuptake inhibitor Fluoxetine (Prozac), with training early after stroke.25 Another is to drastically increase the intensity and dosage of behavioral training that patients receive early after stroke. At the current time in the first weeks after stroke patients spend about 60 percent of their time alone and 85 percent of the time immobile.26 We know from basic science that hundreds, if not thousands, of movement repetitions are needed to induce detectable changes in motor cortex in animal models.27 Current therapy offers only about thirty!28”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“the question of why some individuals learn motor skills faster than others; perhaps they have a better system of reflexes. More important, perhaps the motor deficits that accompany various movement disorders, such as stroke and cerebellar ataxia, are in part caused by patients’ inability to execute appropriate corrections to their movements, thus depriving their brains of an extremely knowledgeable teacher. This research suggests that encouraging patients to make mistakes while moving and reinforcing patient-driven feedback corrections to their movement errors may be one path toward neurorehabilitation. In other words, as neuroscientists, we hope that the fundamental insights we make concerning the brain will be translated into methods for improving human life.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“To summarize, the movements we make are a bit more complicated than they might seem at first glance; they involve complex conversions between sensory predictions and motor actions. And the conversions themselves are constantly being tweaked as we learn more about ourselves and our environment. This learning is triggered by sensory prediction errors, or mismatches between what we expected to feel after moving and what we actually feel. Here we have explored this process of learning and culminated with the idea that to improve our future movements, our brain likely seeks advice from teaching systems embedded within our brain and spinal cord—namely, our reflexes.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“This process of error correction is so fundamental to our biology that distinct circuits of the brain appear to coordinate learning that results from error. One of these error correction pathways involves the cerebellum.3 The cerebellum receives electrical information from a part of the brain stem called the inferior olive when a sensory prediction error occurs. The cerebellum uses these error signals to predict and correct for errors that might occur in the future.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“The results in rodents suggest that there is something about ischemic stroke itself that induces a time-limited window of augmented responsiveness to training. Dramatic proof of this conjecture came from a recent experiment by Steve Zeiler and colleagues at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. They reasoned that a second motor cortical stroke might paradoxically reopen a sensitive period of responsiveness to training and promote full recovery from a previous first stroke. To test this they gave mice a first stroke in motor cortex and then waited a week before beginning retraining. As expected, the mice recovered only minimally because too much time had been allowed to pass before training was initiated. They then gave these same mice a second stroke in an area near to the original stroke, and, not surprisingly, the animals developed an even worse impairment. The surprising result was that with retraining the mice returned to normal levels of performance. In essence a previous stroke was treated with a new stroke. It should be made clear that this experiment was done to prove definitively that there is a sensitive period after stroke that allows training to promote full recovery at the level of impairment.
It is clearly not a viable therapeutic option to induce a second stroke in patients after a first stroke. Other means will need to be found to have the same desired effect without causing more damage to the brain. One promising option is to combine drugs, such as the serotonin reuptake inhibitor Fluoxetine (Prozac), with training early after stroke. Another is to drastically increase the intensity and dosage of behavioral training that patients receive early after stroke.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“Francis Crick, co-discoverer of the structure of DNA, arguably the greatest discovery in biology in the twentieth century, famously said, “If you want to understand function, study structure.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“A drop of concentrated salt water placed on a rat’s tongue causes immediate decreases in the production of urine in order to retain water and maintain salt and water balance of body fluids.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“We also find anticipatory effects from another macronutrient, oral fat. People who chew and spit out real cream cheese on a cracker versus nonfat cream cheese (a.k.a. fake cream cheese) on a cracker have relatively large elevations in triglycerides measured in the blood plasma for hours after.13 This study suggests that whole body lipid metabolism may be regulated by oral sensations of fats.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“Rinsing with glucose orally and spitting it out (that is, even without swallowing it) can cause an anticipatory release of insulin from the pancreas. This release is very small but has a large effect on lowering blood glucose during and after eating. Surprisingly, this occurs not only for sugar, but also for oral starch, such as we may find in bread, potatoes, or pasta.12 But it is not clear yet that we have starch taste receptors. We do, however, have the enzyme salivary amylase in our mouths that digests starch sufficiently to become a taste stimulus, which in turn can elicit anticipatory insulin release. Another oral response to carbohydrates involves performance enhancement. It is well known that human exercise performance is boosted when athletes eat glucose during competition”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“The conscious perception of a taste can be referred to as a quale, a singular sensation, such as when licking table salt. Yet the taste qualia we experience are actually comprised of separate attributes. Taste quale may be subdivided into the components of sensory quality (sweet, sour, salty, savory/umami, bitter, and perhaps a few others such as water taste, malty taste, or mineral taste); intensity (weak to strong); location (such as a bitter taste on the tip of the tongue or a bitter taste on the back of the tongue); and temporal dynamics (a short-lived taste or a lingering aftertaste). These features of taste are typically combined in the brain with a food’s other oral sensory and olfactory properties to create its flavor, to help us identify and recognize the food, to help reassure us that what we are experiencing is edible, and to create an association with how we feel after eating so that we can recognize the food at our next encounter and remember whether it was satisfying or made us sick.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“in 1932, coined the term “homeostasis” in his book The Wisdom of the Body.5 Cannon identified principles for an integrated system that tends to maintain relatively constant internal environments, including the idea that our regulatory systems are made of multiple components that are organized to work in concert to increase or decrease concentrations of critical nutrients and metabolic factors in the blood to achieve desirable levels. Such a constant environment enables our ability to migrate, run, hunt, work, or sleep independently of whether we happen to be eating, digesting, or fasting.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“neurotransmitter should be a substance stored in neurons, released when they fire action potentials, and acting upon adjacent neurons or other cells (muscles, glia) to cause excitation or inhibition.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“The ability to detect even familiar stimuli can usually be restored by a brief palate cleanser, which literally permits a recovery from desensitization sufficient to intensify a subsequent experience. It is hard for me to assess how much I am waxing poetic, but it seems to me that the brain’s ability—its need—to perceive by contrast may partly explain why our efforts to achieve perennial satisfaction have been largely unsatisfactory. Because the brain grades on a curve, endlessly comparing the present with what came just before, the secret to happiness may be unhappiness. Not unmitigated unhappiness, of course, but the transient chill that lets us feel warmth, the sensation of hunger that makes satiety so welcome, the period of near-despair that catapults us into the astonishing experience of triumph. The route to contentment is through contrast.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“What if a chemical, either found in nature or cooked up in a lab, could tap into the motivational circuit and drive dopamine neurons artificially from within the brain? Intriguingly, this may be exactly how drugs of abuse work. Although different drugs of abuse have distinct molecular targets and very different behavioral effects, they all drive the electrical activity of dopamine neurons or the release of dopamine from these cells (while nonaddictive brain-targeted drugs like Prozac do not).5”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“Drugs of abuse alter the same brain circuits. The drive to seek out life-sustaining environmental cues like food and water is maintained because these substances activate the central players in the brain motivation circuit, dopamine-using neurons of the ventral tegmental area. These neurons manufacture the neurotransmitter dopamine and release it onto their downstream target cells in brain regions like the nucleus accumbens that are also important components of the motivation circuit. Dopamine neuron firing appears to signal the things we urgently need to survive, and dopamine cells become active in response to food, water, warmth, and even sex.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience

“Identical twins often look so similar that they are confused with one another—an occasional source of amusement. As a result, they may find that their teachers, friends, or even relatives tend to treat them in similar ways, either because they cannot tell the twins apart or because they subconsciously assume that two people who look so much alike are also similar in other respects. A similarity in interpersonal interactions of this type creates what behavioral geneticists call a “shared environment,” and it can confound the analysis of nature versus nurture. Additionally, as described below, identical twins do, in fact, tend to resemble one another on a wide range of personality traits and, perhaps in consequence, often develop an extraordinarily close bond with one another. This development leads to a second conundrum: maybe the close interpersonal relationship between many identical twins tends to reinforce their psychological similarities and suppress their differences.”
― David J. Linden, Think Tank: Forty Neuroscientists Explore the Biological Roots of Human Experience