Contested Boundaries Quotes

“the Snake River dams should not be compared to the Elwha Dams. Where the former produced relatively little power and had no fish ladders, those on the Snake have fish ladders and “provide $20 billion in annual economic impact.” Farmers are among the most vocal opponents, as the dams provide water needed for irrigation and make it possible for ocean going barges to carry their produce to market.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“While similar campaigns have brought down dams elsewhere in the country, the Elwha restoration is the largest yet completed, and its success is fueling efforts to remove larger dams on the lower Snake River in southeastern Washington.87”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“Constant struggles over political, economic, national, cultural, and ideological boundaries have shaped the Pacific Northwest as we know it, and that remains as true as ever in the early years of the twenty-first century.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“A commercial, high-tech, service-based economy prevailed throughout the region, and a growing majority placed environmental protection ahead of resource extraction. Rural communities have won delays but, despite their efforts, forests have been preserved, wolves roam and multiply across the plains, and rivers and wetlands thrive under federal protection.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“Intense battles compelled some environmentalists and proponents of industry to find common ground. In John Day, Oregon, and Randle, Washington, both sides wanted to thin forests. It meant work for loggers and better habitat and wildfire protection to environmentalists. These small-scale cases of cooperation suggest that while these boundaries remain fiercely contested, collaboration in the future is possible.82”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“It's not surprising that Idaho, with a noticeably smaller urban population and more resource based economy, is much more conservative than Washington and Oregon.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“Stark differences in the urban and rural economies parallel deep political divisions. Cities like Seattle, Tacoma, and Portland trend heavily towards liberalism, while conservatism dominates the rural Northwest.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“The decline of resource industries, even for those able to find new work, created tremendous social, cultural, and personal angst. Loggers, miners, ranchers, and farmers historically provided society with essential resources. They took pride in and built their personal identities around their work.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“While farming held its ground, the logging and mining industries plummeted from the strong positions of the past. To put it in perspective, timber sustained roughly 63% of all jobs in Washington State in 1910. As of 2015, however, mining and logging accounted for less than half of 1% of the civilian labor force in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.38 Mechanization and increased efficiency in logging contributed significantly to the decline.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“Washington led the nation in apple production and, overall, produced agricultural goods worth $9.1 billion in 2012. Idaho followed at $7.8 billion with its leading crop of potatoes and significant output of cattle, dairy, grains, and legumes.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“Farming and ranching remain the dominant industries in much of the rural Northwest and employ many.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“A 2009 study by the Milken Institute, an economic think tank, listed the greater Seattle area as the number two high-tech center in the nation, behind California's Silicon Valley, and the far-and-away leader in software publishing thanks to Microsoft.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“The region's natural beauty lends itself to outdoor recreation. Hiking, camping, skiing, fishing, boating, hunting, and bird watching are big business.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“The Idaho “wolf wars” offer insight into the political, economic, and cultural boundaries that mark the contemporary Northwest. An examination of them reveals stark divisions that appear to be widening well into the twenty-first century.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“In the 1960s, when nearly 80% of Seattle's African Americans lived in the Central District, real estate agents would not show them a home in a white neighborhood.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“But few struggles can match the one waged for open housing in Seattle and other large cities. The historian Quintard Taylor called it the “most acrimonious and yet ultimately the most successful” Civil Rights struggle in Seattle's history.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“Like much of America in the second half of the twentieth century, the Civil Rights movement in the Pacific Northwest was fought on many fronts – in the workplace, at school, in the courts, and on the steps of capitol buildings. But few struggles can match the one waged for open housing in Seattle and other large cities.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“In 2012, Washington became one of the first of three states in which marriage equality was approved by voters on the same day.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“70 The region's cities bulged with thousands of soldiers, sailors, and defense workers. Portland and Seattle lit up at night as gays and lesbians increasingly enjoyed liberty at a growing lineup of bars and clubs that exclusively catered to them. Historian John D'Emilio said World War II “created something of a nationwide coming out experience.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“organic fruits and vegetables, the employment of organic sprays, and integrated pest management techniques has helped to lessen, but not erase the dangers associated with pesticides. A review of enforcement actions in Washington from 2013 to 2015, shows growers, applicators, and others incurring $7,500 in fines for improper handling and spraying.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“The 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act under President Ronald Reagan, which offered amnesty to immigrants who entered the United States illegally before January 1, 1982, lifted the pale of illegal status for millions of Mexicans and stifled the raids.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“President Lyndon Johnson's Economic Opportunity Act, which established the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) and launched the “War on Poverty.” In the Pacific Northwest, OEO community development grants helped establish a host of organizations to address employment, health, housing, education and various legal needs. Beginning in 1965, the Yakima Valley Council for Community Action YVCCA opened centers to meet the farmworkers' health and social service needs. A year later they expanded to educational and legal services, offering adult basic education, English as a second language, high school equivalency programs, vocational training, health clinics, and day care. Volunteer attorneys helped workers address conflicts with immigration authorities and social service agencies.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“Military spending drove the Pacific Northwest economy, especially Washington State, from before the Pearl Harbor bombing in 1941 until after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. For over five decades, the federal government pumped billions of dollars into the “federal Northwest,” creating tens of thousands of jobs and squashing unemployment.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“Women who wanted to keep their positions after the war faced the reemergence of old barriers as unions moved in to protect men's jobs.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“In 1989, Washington State, the Department of Energy, and the Environmental Protection Agency signed the Tri-Party Agreement to begin clean-up at “the most contaminated site in the nation.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“By 1971, only the “N” reactor remained in operation, but it too closed in 1987, followed by the separation plants in 1990. At first glance the pullout seemed like a devastating blow to the nearby Tri-Cities of Kennewick, Richland, and Pasco.150 Yet cleaning up the almost unfathomable levels of nuclear waste continues to generate jobs and fuel the local economy.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“Hanford rode the Cold War money train as well, especially after the Soviet Union tested its first atom bomb in 1949.146 Turning from fission to the more powerful fusion technology in the 1950s, both nations raced to out-produce each other.147 Requiring more and more plutonium, the government steadily poured funds into Hanford, and by 1955, eight reactors churned out plutonium.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“Thanks to a roaring commercial aircraft market, combined with a steady flow of new contracts during the Korean and Vietnam wars, Boeing's Seattle area employment jumped to 28,000 in 1951 and an astounding 101,000 by 1968.144 Growth remained uneven, however. Military cutbacks following the drawdown in Vietnam in the early 1970s led to a 60% cutback in Boeing's local workforce.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“President Truman laid out bold, new policies to contain Soviet expansion.142 Global tensions translated to federal contracts for the region's defense industries, especially Boeing. The company built B-50 and B-52 bombers for the newly established U.S. Air Force,”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History

“Bremerton shipyard plummeted from 32,000 employees to less than 9,000 by late 1946.”
― David J Jepsen, Contested Boundaries: A New Pacific Northwest History