The Vanquished Quotes

“Mussolini had learnt more from Lenin and the Bolsheviks than he would have cared to admit, notably the lesson that parliamentary majorities were far less important than the ability and determination to instil fear in opponents and to act ruthlessly when an opportunity presented itself.”
― Robert Gerwarth, The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End

“Mussolini and Horthy to different degrees feared Hitler and were suspicious of German military power, but by building their regimes on the basis of post-war injustices, there was an unstoppable logic to their falling into the Nazi orbit.”
― Robert Gerwarth, The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End

“He knew that in Texas, the Mexicans had allowed Norteamericanos to colonize—and a war had resulted.”
― Brian Garfield, The Vanquished

“The CUP’s genocidal wartime policies towards the Armenians and Kemal’s ruthless expulsion of Christian Ottomans featured prominently in the Nazi imagination. They became a source of inspiration and a model for Hitler’s plans and dreams in the years leading up to the invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939.74”
― Robert Gerwarth, The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End

“The CUP’s genocidal wartime policies towards the Armenians and Kemal’s ruthless expulsion of Christian Ottomans featured prominently in the Nazi imagination.”
― Robert Gerwarth, The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End

“Few politicians observed the developments in Anatolia between 1918 and 1923 with greater interest than Adolf Hitler, who would later profess that in the aftermath of the Great War he and Mussolini had looked up to Mustafa Kemal as a model of how defiance and will power could triumph over Western ‘aggression’.”
― Robert Gerwarth, The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End

“This was indeed the case in the following two and a half decades, ending in the later 1940s, when the forced expulsion of millions of ethnic Germans from east-central Europe was completed.73 Few politicians observed the developments in Anatolia between 1918 and 1923 with greater interest than Adolf Hitler, who would later profess that in the aftermath of the Great War he and Mussolini had looked up to Mustafa Kemal as a model of how defiance and will power could triumph over Western ‘aggression’.”
― Robert Gerwarth, The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End

“Neither London nor Paris had gone to war in 1914 with the aim of creating a ‘Europe of nations’, and it was only from early 1918 onwards that the destruction of the land empires became an explicit war aim.11”
― Robert Gerwarth, The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End

“Even the Jewish communities that already existed in the Reich or in Vienna viewed Orthodox Jewish refugees as outsiders who lacked social standing and cultural refinement.106”
― Robert Gerwarth, The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End

“While the future fortunes of the more than two million civil war refugees from Russia differed hugely, depending on circumstances and luck, many of them were – unsurprisingly – united in their staunchly anti-Bolshevik views. Berlin”
― Robert Gerwarth, The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End