In the Broadway play In Defense of the Cave Man, a man says that when he was first married, he saw his wife cleaning the bathroom and asked her, “Are we moving?” In his bachelor days that was the only time he and his roommates bothered to clean the bathroom.
Although happily married couples may feel driven to distraction at times by their partner’s personality flaws, they still feel that the person they married is worthy of honor and respect.
At the heart of the Seven Principles approach is the simple truth that happy marriages are based on a deep friendship. By this I mean a mutual respect for and enjoyment of each other’s company. These couples tend to know each other intimately—they are well versed in each other’s likes, dislikes, personality quirks, hopes, and dreams. They have an abiding regard for each other and express this fondness not just in the big ways but through small gestures day in and day out. Take the case of hardworking Nathaniel, who is employed by an import business and works very long hours. In another marriage, his schedule might be a major liability. But he and his wife, Olivia, have found ways to stay connected. They talk or text frequently throughout the day. When she has a doctor’s appointment, he remembers to call to see how it went. When he has a meeting with an important client, she’ll check in to see how it fared. When they have chicken for dinner, she gives him drumsticks because she knows he likes them best. When he makes blueberry pancakes for the kids on Saturday morning, he’ll leave the blueberries out of hers because he knows she doesn’t like them. Although he’s not religious, he accompanies her to church each Sunday because it’s important to her. And although she’s not crazy about spending a lot of time with their relatives, she has pursued a friendship with Nathaniel’s mother and sisters because family matters so much to him.
Por ejemplo, muchos estudios sobre felicidad matrimonial se realizaban simplemente sometiendo a los cónyuges a diversos cuestionarios. Esto se conoce como el método del autoinforme y, aunque tiene su utilidad, es bastante limitado. ¿Cómo sabemos si una esposa es feliz simplemente porque marca la casilla de «felicidad» en el cuestionario? Las mujeres sometidas en su relación a abusos físicos suelen obtener una calificación muy alta en los cuestionarios sobre satisfacción matrimonial. Sólo cuando una mujer se siente segura y es entrevistada a solas, revela sus sufrimientos. Para remediar estas lagunas en la investigación, mis colegas y yo hemos mejorado los métodos tradicionales estudiando el matrimonio con otros métodos más innovadores y exhaustivos. Actualmente seguimos a setecientas parejas en siete estudios distintos. No sólo observamos a recién casados, sino también parejas más veteranas, con cónyuges de cuarenta a sesenta años de edad. También hemos estudiado matrimonios que acaban de tener su primer hijo, y parejas interactuando con hijos recién nacidos, en edad preescolar o adolescentes. Como parte de esta investigación he entrevistado a parejas sobre la historia de su matrimonio, su filosofía sobre el matrimonio, sus puntos de vista sobre el matrimonio de sus padres. Las he filmado mientras hablaban sobre cómo habían pasado el día, sobre las áreas de continuo desacuerdo en su relación o sobre temas más alegres. Y para obtener una lectura psicológica de su estado de tensión o de relajación, he medido su ritmo cardíaco, su presión sanguínea, su sudoración o la función inmunológica. En todos los casos he permitido que la pareja viera las cintas de vídeo para que expresaran su propio punto de vista sobre lo que pensaban o sentían al ver, por ejemplo, que su ritmo cardíaco o su presión sanguínea subía bruscamente durante una discusión matrimonial. Y he mantenido el contacto con las parejas, estudiándolas al menos una vez al año para ver cómo seguía su relación. De momento mis colegas y yo somos los únicos investigadores que realizamos esta observación y análisis exhaustivo de las parejas casadas. Nuestros datos ofrecen la primera visión real del funcionamiento interno, de la anatomía de un matrimonio. Los resultados de estos estudios, y no mis opiniones, forman la base de mis siete principios para el buen funcionamiento del matrimonio.
In marriage, couples are always making what I call “bids” for each other’s attention, affection, humor, or support. Bids can be as minor as asking for a backrub or as significant as seeking help in carrying the burden when an aging parent is ill. The partner responds to each bid either by turning toward the spouse or turning away. A tendency to turn toward your partner is the basis of trust, emotional connection, passion, and a satisfying sex life. Comical as it may sound, romance is strengthened in the supermarket aisle when your partner asks, “Are we out of butter?” and you answer, “I don’t know. Let me go get some just in case,” instead of shrugging apathetically.
What can make a marriage work is surprisingly simple. Happily married couples aren’t smarter, richer, or more psychologically astute than others. But in their day-to-day lives, they have hit upon a dynamic that keeps their negative thoughts and feelings about each other (which all couples have) from overwhelming their positive ones. Rather than creating a climate of disagreement and resistance, they embrace each other’s needs. When addressing a partner’s request, their motto tends to be a helpful “Yes, and …” rather than “Yes, but …” This positive attitude not only allows them to maintain but also to
These missions come down to attaining a rich understanding between partners that will allow both of them to feel safe and secure in the relationship. When these tasks are not accomplished, the marriage doesn’t feel like a port in the storm of life. It feels like just another storm.
remember that the cornerstone of any compromise is the fourth principle of marriage—accepting influence. This means that for a compromise to work, you can’t have a closed mind to your spouse’s opinions and desires.
Unlike cherishing, which nurtures gratitude for what you have, “if only” nurtures resentment for what you don’t have. As long as this attitude prevails, conflicts will be very difficult to resolve.
Negotiation is possible only after you’ve followed the steps above—softening start-up, repairing your discussion, and keeping calm. Together, these will create a positive atmosphere. Remember: Compromise is not about just one person changing. It’s about negotiating and finding ways to accommodate each other.
Because repair attempts can be difficult to hear if your relationship is engulfed in negativity, the best strategy under such circumstances is to make your attempts obviously formal in order to emphasize them.
My fifth principle entails the following steps: 1. Soften your start-up. 2. Learn to make and receive repair attempts. 3. Soothe yourself and each other. 4. Compromise. 5. Process any grievances so that they don’t linger.
