Society Must Be Defended Quotes

“[L]et us say that we are obliged to produce the truth by the power that demands truth and needs it in order to function: we are forced to tell the truth, we are constrained, we are condemned to admit the truth or to discover it.”
― Michel Foucault, Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975-1976

“It was a matter of showing by what conjunctions a whole set of practices-- from the moment they became coordinated with a regime of truth––was able to make what does not exist (madness, disease, delinquency, sexuality), nonetheless become something, something however that continues not to exist. That is to say, what I would like to show is not how an error––when I say that which does not exist becomes something, this does not mean showing how it is possible for an error to be constructed––or how an illusion could be born, but how a regime of truth and therefore not an error, makes something that does not exist able to become something. It is not an illusion because it is a set of practices, real practices, which establish it and thus imperiously marks it out in reality... The point of all these investigations concerning madness, disease, delinquency, sexuality, and what i am talking about now, is to show how the coupling of a set of practices and a regime of truth from an apparatus (dispotif) of knowledge-power that effectively marks out in reality that which does not exist and legitimately submits it to the division between true and false. In the things I am presently concerned with, the moment when that which does not exist is inscribed in reality, and when that which does not exist comes under a legitimate regime of the true and false, marks the birth of this dissymmetrical bipolarity of politics and the economy. Politics and the economy are not things that exist, or errors, or ideologies. They are things that do not exist and yet which are inscribed in reality and fall under a regime of truth dividing the truth and the false.”
― Michel Foucault, Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975-1976

“[D]iscipline tries to rile a multiplicity of men to the extent that their multiplicity can and must be dissolved into individual bodies that can be kept under surveillance, trained, used, and if need be, punished.”
― Michel Foucault, Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975-1976

“If I feel like it and if I can be bothered to, I will talk to you about the notion of "repression," which has, I think, the twofold disadvantage, in the use that is made of it, of making obscure reference to a certain theory of sovereignty—the theory of the sovereign rights of the individual—and of bringing into
play, when it is used, a whole set of psychological references borrowed from the human sciences, or in other words from discourses and practices that relate to the disciplinary domain. I think that the notion of "repression" is still, whatever critical use we try to make of it, a juridico-disciplinary notion; and to that extent the critical use of the notion of "repression" is tainted, spoiled, and rotten from the outset because it implies both a juridical reference to sovereignty and a disciplinary reference to normalization.”
― Michel Foucault, Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975-1976

“Lo que también me parece interesante y durante mucho tiempo representó un problema para mí es que, una vez más, no encontramos simplemente en el plano del Estado socialista ese mismo funcionamiento del racismo, sino también en las diferentes formas de análisis o proyectos socialistas, a lo largo de todo el siglo XIX, y, me parece alrededor de esto: en el fondo, cada vez que un socialismo insistió, sobre todo, en la transformación y paso del Estado capitalista al Estado socialista (en otras palabras, cada vez que buscó el principio de la transformación en el nivel de los procesos económicos), no necesitó el racismo, al menos en lo inmediato. En cambio, en todos los momentos en que el socialismo se vio obligado a insistir en el problema de la lucha, la lucha contra el enemigo, la eliminación del adversario dentro mismo de la sociedad capitalista; cuando se trata por consiguiente, de pensar el enfrentamiento físico con el adversario de clase en la sociedad capitalista, el racismo resurgió, porque era la única manera que tenía un pensamiento socialista , que de todas formas estaba muy ligado al tema del biopoder, de pensar la razón de matar al adversario. Cuando se trata simplemente de eliminarlo económicamente, de hacerle perder sus privilegios , el racismo no hace falta . Pero desde el momento en que hay que pensar que vamos a estar frente a frente, y que será preciso combatirlo físicamente, arriesgar la vida y procurar matarlo, el racismo es necesario”
― Michel Foucault, É Preciso Defender a Sociedade. Curso no Collège de France, 1976

“Qui, au fond, a eu l’idée de retourner le principe de Clausewitz, qui a eu l’idée de dire : il se peut bien que la guerre soit la politique menée par d’autres moyens, mais la politique elle-même n’est-elle pas la guerre menée par d’autres moyens?”
― Michel Foucault, Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975-1976

“When I see you trying to prove
that Marxism is a science, to tell the truth, I do not really see you
trying to demonstrate once and for all that Marxism has a rational
structure and that its propositions are therefore the products of verification procedures. I see you, first and foremost, doing something
different. I see you connecting to Marxist discourse, and I see you
assigning to those who speak that discourse the power-effects that the
West has, ever since the Middle Ages, ascribed to a science and reserved for those who speak a scientific discourse.”
― Michel Foucault, Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975-1976