Undergraduate Immunology Quotes

“MHC”
― Clett Erridge, Undergraduate Immunology: A textbook for tablets and other mobile devices

“commensal”
― Clett Erridge, Undergraduate Immunology: A textbook for tablets and other mobile devices

“serves to kill virally infected cells”
― Clett Erridge, Undergraduate Immunology: A textbook for tablets and other mobile devices

“The provision of a conducive environment for a carefully selected array of benign, non-pathogenic organisms to replicate and remain resident by the host makes it difficult for pathogenic organisms to take hold, since they are often outcompeted by the commensal organisms.”
― Clett Erridge, Undergraduate Immunology: A textbook for tablets and other mobile devices

“recognition receptors (PRRs), are used to detect highly conserved molecular features that are present in the molecules of pathogens but which are not present in mammalian cells. The molecules which are detected by PRRs are called pathogen associated molecular patterns, or PAMPs.”
― Clett Erridge, Undergraduate Immunology: A textbook for tablets and other mobile devices

“Many transcription factors can be activated by signals received from outside the cell, causing increased or decreased expression of the sets of genes they govern. In this way, a cell can sense signals from its environment, for example hormones or signalling molecules released from adjacent cells, and react accordingly by changing its gene expression”
― Clett Erridge, Undergraduate Immunology: A textbook for tablets and other mobile devices

“(mRNA), in a process called transcription. This mRNA then leaves the nucleus to enter the cytoplasm, where it is translated into protein by large multiprotein complexes called ribosomes. The proteins resulting from translation are then folded and glycosylated correctly by various means and directed towards their required location in the cell”
― Clett Erridge, Undergraduate Immunology: A textbook for tablets and other mobile devices

“addition to the major types of cell that result from differentiation, similar processes can also alter the phenotype of terminally differentiated cells to subtly alter their functions. These different programmes of gene expression are often referred to as altered states of activation, or polarisation.”
― Clett Erridge, Undergraduate Immunology: A textbook for tablets and other mobile devices

“The major mechanisms by which cells transmit signals to each other, and how these signals are conveyed from the cell membrane to the nucleus to modulate gene expression, commonly referred to as cell signalling, are also covered in Chapter 2.”
― Clett Erridge, Undergraduate Immunology: A textbook for tablets and other mobile devices