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Adam: First and the Last Adam: First and the Last by Simon Turpin
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“The second reaction is that some wanted to hear Paul again about this. Third, there was a positive response as some believe that Jesus is the Christ (Acts 17:34).”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“This view was incompatible with the Athenian view of life, as they believed that “once a man dies and the earth drinks up his blood, there is no resurrection.”28 This is why many of them scoffed at the resurrection; by the cultural standard of wisdom, it was foolishness to them (cf. 1 Corinthians 1:23).”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“There was a threefold reaction to Paul’s mention of the resurrection and future judgment. First, it is mocked (Acts 17:32) by the Athenians. The reason the Greek philosophers in Athens rejected Paul’s message (which included the resurrection of the dead) was not because of the evidence but because it did not fit their worldview. The Stoics who had a pantheistic concept of God believed reason was “the principle which was inherent in the structuring of the universe and by which men ought to live.”25 The Epicureans, however, had a similar worldview to today’s atheists in that they were materialists, believing in the atomic theory, and so “for them either the gods did not exist, or they were so far removed from the world as to exercise no influence on its affairs.”26”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“Paul did this by quoting two Greek poets to these Athenian philosophers (Acts 17:28). The quotation “In him we live and move and have our being” is probably from Epimenides of Crete, while the quotation “For we are indeed his offspring” is from Aratus’ poem “Phaenomena.” Paul used these Greek poets as a part of his defense and persuasion of the gospel. By taking what they already knew and bringing it to his defense, Paul used God’s revelation in nature to persuade them of what they already knew to be true.”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“For example, the Epicureans were indifferent to the gods because they believed the gods were too removed to be objects of concern; the Epicureans were basically like today’s atheistic materialists. They argued that the chief human good was “pleasure” and that the gods did not interfere in human affairs. The Epicureans did not believe in an afterlife but rather believed that at death the body merely returned to its various elements. The Stoics, on the other hand, were pantheists who argued for the unity of humanity and relationship with the divine. Both the Epicureans and Stoics were essentially materialists who, unlike Paul, did not believe in one God who created the world and was sovereign over it (Acts 17:24–26; cf. 14:16).”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“Apart from overlooking the fact that the gospel is already foolishness and a stumbling block to unbelievers (1 Corinthians 1:18, 23), this belief is antithetical to the apostolic example of preaching to a pagan culture. Wherever the Apostle Paul went in his missionary journeys there was either a revival (Acts 13:48–49, 16:5, 19–34, 17:4) or a riot (Acts 13:50, 14:19, 16:19–24, 17:5). Those early Christians were not persecuted because the message of Christianity was different to that of the Greeks and Romans (i.e., monotheism vs polytheism) but because of its unique and authoritative claim that Jesus is Lord of all, and we must submit to Him (Acts 10:36; 17:6–7; cf.1 Thessalonians 1:9–10).”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“Although the names of the nations in Acts 2:9–11 are different from those in Genesis 10 there is a correlation with those nations that spread out over all the earth; Medes (Madai, Genesis 10:2), Elamites (Elam, Genesis 10:22), Egypt (Mizraim, Genesis 10:6), Libya (Put, Genesis 10:6), Cyrene (Lehabim, Genesis 10:13), and Cretans (Caphtorim, Genesis 10:14). Later in Acts we see other nations that are mentioned in Genesis 10 reached with the gospel: Ethiopia (Cush, Genesis 10:6; Acts 8:25–27), Cyprus (Elishah, Genesis 10:4; Acts 11:19–20, 13:4, 15:39), and Greece (Javan, Genesis 10:2; Acts 17:16–34). Even though he did not get there before his death, the Apostle Paul desired to reach the nation that was farthest west, Spain (Tarshish, Genesis 10:4), with the gospel (Romans 15:22– 28). Pentecost was the beginning of the reversal of Babel, as through the preaching of the gospel people from all tribes, languages, and nations have access to the one true and living God (Revelation 5:9; 22:1–3).”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“In Akkadian, the word for the city of Babylon means “gateway of the gods” (bāb-ili, bāb-ilāni),11 whereas in Hebrew the word Babel sounds like the word “confusion.” The pagans saw Babel as a way to access the divine, whereas the Bible states that God judged the people at Babel because of their disobedience by confusing their languages and spread them across the whole earth.”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“The genealogy in Genesis 10 lists a total of 70 nations to show the totality of all peoples on the earth: 14 from Japheth, 30 from Ham, and 26 from Shem. This may be intended to foreshadow the 70 descendants of Jacob that went into Egypt with him (Genesis 46:27; Exodus 1:5).9”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“The goal of neo-paganism is to relativize everything that seems different, to join the opposites and get rid of the distinctions God has made in His creation because of their belief that all is “one” (i.e., pantheism). For example, heterosexuality celebrates otherness (Greek, héteros = other) whereas homosexuality (Greek, homo = same) celebrates the sameness of everything, which is the definition of the neo-pagan worldview.”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“The fact of the matter is that every person has a relationship to God. People are either related to God in Christ, by grace, or related to God in Adam, according to wrath (Romans 5:12–19; 1 Corinthians 15:22).”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“In 1 Corinthians 15, Paul grounds the bodily death and Resurrection of our Lord Jesus in the reality of the history of Genesis. It was a real man, Adam, who brought about physical death and corruption into God’s very good world (Genesis 1:31). This is the reason Paul says Jesus came to earth as a real man in order to undo the work of the first man.”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“Paul answers this question by using an agricultural metaphor of a seed (1 Corinthians 15:36–37). The seed must die before it can really live (cf. Genesis 1:11–12). The life of the seed parallels the resurrection from the dead (cf. 1 Corinthians 15:42, 43, 44).”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“In these verses Paul uses four verbs to summarize the gospel message: Christ died, was buried, was raised, and appeared to different people. The death and Resurrection of Jesus Christ are the central events and message of the gospel.”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“The uniqueness of Christianity is that it is grounded in history. The gospel is based upon the historicity of the life, death, and Resurrection of Jesus Christ. This is why whenever the history of the Christian faith is under attack from false teaching, then eyewitness testimony is appealed to (see 2 Peter 1:16–18; 1 John 1:1–3).”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“In his letter to the Corinthians, Paul treats the wisdom of the world in a negative sense (1 Corinthians 1:18–2:5) and will correct it with the wisdom of the cross and the spirit (1 Corinthians 2:6–3:4).”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“Yet the Chicago Statement on Biblical Hermeneutics (1982) says: “We deny that the humble, human form of Scripture entails errancy any more than the humanity of Christ, even in his humiliation, entails sin.”9 Because of the impact evolutionary ideology has had on the scientific realm as well as on theology, it is reasoned that Jesus’ teaching on things such as creation and the Mosaic authorship of the Torah was simply wrong.”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“Theologian Robert Reymond states: To question the basic historical authenticity and integrity of Genesis 1–11 is to assault the integrity of Christ’s own teaching.5 Moreover, if Jesus was wrong about Genesis, then He could be wrong about anything, and none of His teaching would have any authority. The importance of all this is summed up by Jesus in declaring that if someone did not believe in Moses and the prophets (the Old Testament) then they would not believe God based on a miraculous resurrection (Luke 16:31).”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“Jesus points out that God’s purpose for marriage is to be found in the creation account in Genesis 1–2. God created marriage to be between one man and one woman under a lifelong covenant, but it was because of people’s “hardness of heart” that Moses allowed for a certificate of divorce (Mark 10:4–5).”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“If the gospels were written down by eyewitnesses, then what do we do with the gospel of Mark as he was not one of the original 12 disciples? Well, there is good literary and historical evidence that inform us that Mark’s gospel came from the teaching and preaching of the Apostle Peter (see Acts 12:12– 17, 15:37; 1 Peter 5:13).10 Interestingly, theologian David Garland notes, “Simon Peter is the first and last mentioned disciple in the gospel (1:16, where his name is mentioned twice in the Greek text; and 16:7). These ‘two references form an inclusion around the whole story, suggesting that Peter is the witness whose testimony includes the whole.’”11 Mark’s gospel then is based upon a reliable historical witness. It was most likely written in Rome, to believers undergoing persecution (Mark 8:31–38; 10:30, 38–39), who were familiar with Scripture (Mark 1:2, 7:6, 9:12–13, 10:47–48, 12:26), who were non-Aramaic speakers (Mark 5:41; 7:11, 34; 14:36; 15:22, 34), sometime in the A.D. 60’s, before the destruction of Jerusalem (Mark 13).”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“The structural elements between Exodus and the gospels can be seen in two ways. First the Moses-Exodus typology can be seen throughout the gospels: Jesus is depicted as the new Moses (Matthew 5:1; John 5:46); He leads a new exodus (Matthew 2:13, 4:1-17; Mark 1:1–13; Luke 3:4-6); He gives a new law (Matthew 5-7); He supplies bread from heaven (John 6:32-34); He offers a new/final Passover (Matthew 26:26; Mark 14:22; Luke 22:19). Second, much of Jesus’ teaching fits into the language of covenantal texts: Jesus’ self- declarations as the God of the covenant (John 6:35, 8:12, 8:51), condemnation of Israel’s covenant breaking (Matthew 21:40–41; Mark 12:9), teachings on how to live within the covenant community (Matthew 5–7), blessings and curses of the covenant (Luke 6:20–26; Matthew 23), and even covenant discipline (Matthew 16:18–19, 18:15– 20).”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“In a similar manner, all major world religions reject the deity of Christ: Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, and Buddhism. Muslims believe Jesus was just a great prophet, whereas Orthodox Judaism sees Jesus as a false prophet. It’s not only the world’s major religions that deny the deity of Christ, but so do all major cultic groups: Mormons, Oneness Pentecostals, Unitarians, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Inglesia ni Cristo, and Christadelphians. These cultic groups “claim” the Bible as their authority but each in their own way teach that Jesus is a created being.”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“The Passover was always on the 14th day of Nisan (Exodus 12:6). In A.D. 33, the 14th of Nisan was on April 3rd. Jesus’ birth in early 2 B.C. would have made him around 30–31 in Tiberius Caesar 15th year (Luke 3:1) in A.D. 29, making Him “about 30” when He started His ministry (Luke 3:23).”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“Herod’s death is conventionally dated to 4 B.C., but this is based on the wrong consular year that the Jewish historian Josephus gave for Herod’s enthronement as king by the Romans. It is now argued that the evidence strongly suggests that Herod died in 1 B.C.19 This means that the birth of Jesus was in early 2 B.C. (or late 3 B.C.). If this is the case, then we can confidently date Jesus’ death and Resurrection to A.D. 33.”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“Machen argued that liberalism had exchanged a serious view of the human problem for a more sentimental view of human nature and consequently saw Jesus as simply a good example to be followed: Here is found the most fundamental difference between liberalism and Christianity — liberalism is altogether in the imperative mood, while Christianity begins with a triumphant indicative; liberalism appeals to man’s will, while Christianity announces, first, a gracious act of God.… Liberalism regards [Christ] as an Example and Guide; Christianity, as a Savior: liberalism makes him an example for faith; Christianity, the object of faith.”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“Professor Burgess notes, “To secular scientists it is a puzzle that out of around 4,000 mammals only humans are bipedal. However, this unique design feature makes complete sense from a biblical perspective.”21 The human body is clearly a wonderful design from the Master Designer and not the product of random evolutionary processes.”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“Yet even evolutionists recognize that this famous image is an illusion: There is a popular image of human evolution that you’ll find all over the place.… On the left of the picture there’s an ape.… On the right, a man.… Between the two is a succession of figures that become ever more like humans.… Our progress from ape to human looks so smooth, so tidy. It’s such a beguiling image that even the experts are loath to let it go. But it is an illusion.19 DeAgostini. DeAgostini/Superstock.com”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“Theologian Louis Berkhof states, “Since the entrance of sin into the world, man can gather true knowledge about God from His general revelation only if he studies it in the light of Scripture.”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“Francis Bacon (1561–1626), who founded the scientific method (observation, experimentation, analysis) and is often known as “the Father of Science,” saw himself as a theologian of the natural world rather than as a scientist who was leaving the things of faith behind him. In his book The Great Instauration (1620), Bacon gives us the method of scientific study of the natural world. What is interesting is that the book itself is based upon the Bible. For example, there are six major chapters which, as Bacon says in the preface, are based upon the six days of creation.”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last
“as Peter Harrison, professor of science and religion at Oxford University, explains: “Had it not been for the rise of the literal interpretation of the Bible and the subsequent appropriation of biblical narratives by early modern scientists, modern science may not have arisen at all. In sum, the Bible and its literal interpretation have played a vital role in the development of Western science.”
Simon Turpin, Adam: First and the Last

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