Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament Quotes

“Just as God had achieved heavenly rest after overcoming creational chaos and constructing the beginning of his creational temple, so Adam presumably would achieve unending rest after overcoming the opposition of the serpent and the opposing temptation to sin and extending the boundaries of the glorious Eden temple around the entire earth.[34]”
― G.K. Beale, A New Testament Biblical Theology: The Unfolding of the Old Testament in the New

“Just as God, after his initial work of creation, subdued the chaos, ruled over it, and further created and filled the earth with all kinds of animate life, so Adam and Eve, in their garden abode, were to reflect God’s activities in Gen. 1 by fulfilling the commission to “subdue” and “rule over all the earth” and to “be fruitful and multiply” (Gen. 1:26, 28).”
― G.K. Beale, A New Testament Biblical Theology: The Unfolding of the Old Testament in the New

“há evidências abundantes de que Noé foi moldado de acordo com o primeiro Adão e que a intenção dessa moldagem é mostrar que Noé é o cumprimento tipológico de Adão.42 Noé recebe, por exemplo, a mesma incumbência que o primeiro Adão (cf. Gn 1.28 com Gn 9.1, 2, 7). Fica evidente, porém, que Noé, como segunda figura de Adão, não completou a missão dada ao primeiro Adão (Gn 1.26-28; 2.15-17), assim como este também não a completou. Desse modo, a responsabilidade que Deus deu a Adão permaneceu irrealizada mesmo no cumprimento semitipológico de Noé, de modo que tanto o primeiro Adão quanto Noé, na condição de figura adâmica secundária, apontavam para outro Adão vindouro, que completaria finalmente a missão recebida.”
― G.K. Beale, Manual do uso do Antigo Testamento no Novo Testamento: Exegese e interpretação

“The origin of ecclesiology, particularly with respect to the hierarchical structure of the church, is to be viewed, at least in part, within this context of the latter-day tribulation of false teaching.”
― G.K. Beale, A New Testament Biblical Theology: The Unfolding of the Old Testament in the New

“Duane Garrett has also said in this regard: “We need look no further than Hosea 11 to understand that Hosea, too, believed that God followed patterns in working with his people.”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“In this sense, one could identify indirect typological prophecy as “event prophecy.”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“The ultimate purpose in this exercise is more clearly to hear and apprehend the living word of the living God (cf. Acts 7:38), so that we may encounter God increasingly and know him more deeply, and so think and do those things that honor God.[1]”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“In biblical studies, as noted above, “intertextuality” is sometimes used merely to refer to the procedure by which a later biblical text refers to an earlier text, how that earlier text enhances the meaning of the later one, and how the later one creatively develops the earlier meaning.[32] In this respect, “intertextuality” may be seen as a procedure of inner-biblical or intrabiblical exegesis, which is crucial to doing biblical theology[33] and for understanding the relation of the OT to the NT.”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“intertextuality,” however, is fuzzy. The word’s original meaning and its ongoing typical definition is the synchronic study of multiple linkages among texts that are not the result of authorial intent but are considered often only from the readers’ viewpoint.”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“In contrast to a quotation of the OT, which is a direct reference, allusions are indirect references (the OT wording is not reproduced directly as in a quotation).”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“An “allusion” may simply be defined as a brief expression consciously intended by an author to be dependent on an OT passage.”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“One writer has counted 295 separate quotations of the OT in the NT (including quotations with and without formulas). These make up about 4.5 percent of the entire NT, about 352 verses. Thus 1 out of 22.5 verses in the NT incorporates a quotation.”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“The OT authors had a true understanding of what they wrote but not an exhaustive understanding.”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“In this regard, typology can be called contextual exegesis within the framework of the canon since it primarily involves the interpretation and elucidation of the meaning of earlier parts of Scripture by later parts.”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“One’s presuppositions also can determine how typology is classified. For example, if we concede that God is also the author of OT Scripture, then we are concerned not only with discerning the intention of the human author but also with the ultimate and wider divine intent of what was written in the OT, which could well transcend and organically grow out of the immediate written speech act of the writer but not contradict it.”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“These men [the judges, Saul, David, etc.] all passed away; but the tasks, the titles and the divine promises connected with them, were handed on.”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“Suddenly, however, these men are removed, Jahweh can no longer consider them, and the story ends with the reader feeling that, since Jahweh has so far been unable to find a really suitable instrument, the commission remains unfulfilled. Can we not say of each of these stories that Jahweh’s designs far transcend their historical contexts?”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“for something to be recognized as a type in the NT, it must meet the definition of a type: (1) close analogical correspondence of truths about people, events, or institutions; (2) historicity; (3) a pointing-forwardness; (4) escalation in meaning between correspondences; (5) and retrospection.”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“When the NT context gives no indication of a sense of fulfillment, then the OT reference should not be considered a “type” but merely an analogy.”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“Since these OT references are not prophecies but historical narratives and John sees them as prophecy being fulfilled, it would appear best to say that this is an indirect fulfillment of what John considered to be foreshadowed by the historical event”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“Therefore, NT writers may interpret historical portions of the OT to have a forward-looking sense in the light of the whole OT canonical context.”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“My own overall judgment is that NT authors display varying degrees of awareness of literary contexts, as well as perhaps historical contexts, although the former is predominant.”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“If it is true that no one interprets without their own presuppositions, does that mean it is impossible for anyone to sufficiently understand the oral and written speech acts of others?”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“Some believe that the apostolic writers were so christocentric in their understanding of the OT that they read Christ into passages that had nothing to do with the coming Messiah.”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“Others agree that at certain places the NT writers missed the meaning of the OT yet believe that they were guided in their interpretation by the example of Christ and by the Spirit. Thus, while their interpretative procedure was flawed, the meaning they wrote down was inspired.”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“One widely held position is that Jesus and the writers of the NT used noncontextual hermeneutical methods that caused them to miss the original meaning of the OT texts that they were trying to interpret.”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation

“The most important debate is about whether the NT interprets the Old in line with the original OT meaning.”
― G.K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation