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That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life by joe-schwarcz
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“Progress always comes at a cost, but if we fear the unknown, we will never get anywhere. Nothing in life is risk-free.”
Joe Schwarcz, That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life
“oat soup recipe. Ah, heck. I’ll give you the recipe anyway. Bring twelve cups of chicken stock to a boil. Add six sliced carrots, three sliced parsley roots, one cup of peas, one cup of diced onion, two tablespoons of canola oil, two tablespoons of soy sauce, two mashed garlic cloves, and two cups of rolled oats. Simmer for forty minutes and add salt and pepper to taste. I bet even Baby Bear would love it.”
Joe Schwarcz, That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life
“In 1928, within weeks of moving to DuPont, Carothers decided to prove his theory about the bonding in giant molecules by building one. One of the best-known reactions in organic chemistry involves creating compounds called esters by joining together certain acids and alcohols. Carothers hypothesized that molecules that had acid functions on both ends could be reacted with molecules that had alcohol groupings on both ends in order to form long chains. He was right: Carothers had invented polyesters”
Joe Schwarcz, That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life
“no one knew exactly what sort of forces held the small molecules together, so Carothers applied himself to solving the problem. He quickly concluded that there was no great mystery. Scientists already understood that atoms in molecules were held together by the sharing of electrons. Such covalent bonds could also be forged, Carothers surmised, between atoms of different molecules, creating a long chain.”
Joe Schwarcz, That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life
“By the end of World War II, the Germans had developed sarin, a nerve gas far more potent than tabun. The chemistry was relatively simple: methylphosphonyl difluoride mixed with rubbing alcohol.”
Joe Schwarcz, That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life
“Once acetylcholine has carried out its job of triggering a reaction in an adjacent cell, an enzyme present in the synapse decomposes it. Overstimulation is therefore prevented. It is this enzyme, acetylcholinesterase, that nerve gas deactivates. The result is overstimulation of the nervous system, eventually leading to convulsions, paralysis, and respiratory failure.”
Joe Schwarcz, That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life
“neurotransmitter stimulates an adjacent cell by fitting into a receptor site on its surface, very much the way a key fits into a lock. This cell then releases a neurotransmitter, which stimulates the next cell, and thus the message is propagated. The specific neurotransmitter involved in the nerve gas story is acetylcholine.”
Joe Schwarcz, That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life
“for ordinary kitchen chemists like me, a stainless steel pan with a thick aluminum bottom is just fine. Anodized aluminum is also excellent. Nothing sticks to it, it cannot be scratched, and it’s a snap to clean.”
Joe Schwarcz, That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life
“Stainless steel is durable and does not tarnish. We make it by alloying iron with other metals, most notably nickel and chromium.”
Joe Schwarcz, That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life
“season our cast iron cookware to keep it from rusting and to prevent food from sticking to it. To do this, coat the pan with a thin layer of oil and then heat it. The oil will react with oxygen to form a tough, smooth, impervious layer.”
Joe Schwarcz, That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life
“A new kind of aluminum cookware, made of anodized aluminum, has recently arrived in the marketplace. It is usually gray-colored, it’s harder than stainless steel, and it conducts heat better; it’s also eternally nonstick, scratch resistant, and easy to clean. The process of anodizing involves passing the aluminum through a series of electrochemical baths, which cause a hard layer of aluminum oxide to form on the surface. This layer is nonreactive, and it does not leach aluminum into food.”
Joe Schwarcz, That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life
“White phosphorus is highly toxic, and people who made matches routinely developed “phossy jaw,” a terrible condition in which the jaw bone disintegrates.”
Joe Schwarcz, That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life
“bones are made of calcium phosphate and that by heating these in the presence of carbon he could isolate phosphorus.”
Joe Schwarcz, That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life
“Spot Shot. Its manufacturers market it for carpets, but it works on other fabrics as well. It is a combo of 2-butoxyethanol and a detergent. Spray it on, wait a bit, and dab with a paper towel. Shout, in its various formulations, is also worth shouting about. I’ve had good luck with the aerosol, the liquid, the gel, and, especially, the laundry stick.”
Joe Schwarcz, That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life
“Goof Off, which is a mixture of xylene and various other solvents. It’s great for dried latex paint, as well as many inks and glues. Place the fabric, stain side down, on a white cotton towel and drip the solvent through. If this doesn’t do the job, pour some of the solvent onto a piece of white cotton and dab at the stain. Never rub!”
Joe Schwarcz, That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life
“We can employ bleach, for example, to strip electrons from molecules. Electrons are more than just the glue that holds molecules together — they are also responsible for color. By stripping molecules of electrons, or “oxidizing” them, we can therefore eliminate stains.”
Joe Schwarcz, That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life
“soap or detergent molecules forge a link between the oil and the water; one end of the soap or detergent molecule binds to the oil, the other to the water. When we rinse the fabric, the stain lifts from its surface.”
Joe Schwarcz, That's the Way the Cookie Crumbles: 62 All-New Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life

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