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P1Sum.(cont):'
*is biased to believe and confirm
*exaggerates emotional consistency(halo effect)
*focuses on existing evidence and ignores absent evidence(WYSIATI)
*generates a limited set of basic assessments
*represents sets by norms and prototypes,does not integrate
*matches intensities across scales
*computes more than intended(mental shotgun)
*sometimes substitutes an easier question for a difficult one'

P1 Sum.(cont):
'*executes skilled responses and generates skilled intuitions, after adequate training
*creates a coherent pattern of activated ideas in associative memory
*links a sense of cognitive ease to illusions of truth, pleasant feelings, and reduced vigilance
*distinguishes the surprising from the normal
*infers and invents causes and intentions
*neglects ambiguity and suppresses doubt'

---CONT

P1 Sum.: 'Characteristics of S1 -
*generates impressions, feelings, and inclinations; when endorsed by S2 these become beliefs, attitudes and intentions.
*operates automatically and quickly, with little or no effort, and no sense of voluntary control
*can be programmed by S2 to mobilize attention when a particular pattern is detected(search)'
---CONT

Ch9: Tough questions often get substituted with cognitively easier ones so that S1 can quickly and effortlessly access an answer ('How are you feeling these days?' becomes 'How do you feel right now?'). These substitutions are what Kahneman will be referring to as heuristics. Consequently, S2 tends to rationalize S1's hasty conclusions instead of critiquing them.

Ch8: Our S1 is constantly making basic assessments about our environment and the people in it. It answers various questions posed by S2 effortlessly like a 'mental shotgun' spraying pellets at a specific target. Each pellet on its own has a tiny chance of hitting the target but the aggregate is likely to hit the target's center. It's difficult to make S1 do more than S2 asks it to; specious answers often suffice.

Ch7: S1 drives us into jumping to conclusions quite frequently. From the first adjective we hear regarding another's character, we begin classifying him/her.

"This tendency to like (or dislke) everything about a person ... is known as the halo effect."

The most salient features are what stick in our minds (What You See Is All There Is), even when the information we do have doesn't pertain to the assessment.

I'm loving these stories about trivia fanatics across the country. The writing is really well structured, witty, and silly (in just the right places to make me laugh out loud). I really hope this guy gets to take over the reins for Alex Trebek when he retires. I can't think of anybody I'd rather see in his place.

Ch6: 'The main function of S1 is to maintain and update a model of your personal world, which represents what is normal in it.'

Humans have a great ability to find patterns in everything, leading to a tendency to seek causation when only correlation exists. We tend to find repeated things to be 'normal' (despite their improbability). For the majority, thinking statistically is a purely S2 process.

Jennings claims, with the help of trivia-encyclopedia writer Fred Worth, that trivia could not have existed before 1960 since the resources just weren't available. Today, we have vast stores of information allowing trivia to go from general knowledge to extremely specific topics. He thinks that this is much more fun because obscure references can be metaphorically hunted down with sufficient context in the clue.

'We lost something the more we specialized - it started to drain away this vast pool of information that everybody knew. Knowledge was what connected us, and now it distinguishes us.'

Jennings speaks about 'common knowledge' that once was trivia. Now we have so much information that people gravitate towards a large set of possible niches, keeping us disconnected. 'Nostalgia ain't what it used to be.'

Ch5: We tend to associate good feelings with things that are familiar - even if we aren't consciously aware of their frequency. System 1 is happy to persist in this 'cognitive ease' state, while cognitive strain causes us to engage the skeptical System 2. It's fascinating to think about the role that cognitive ease plays in successful rhetoric and the ethics of persuasion. Evolution has ingrained this in our brains.

Associative memory is key to understanding priming effects. Links are reciprocal; thinking affects behavior and vice-versa. Priming can be a very powerful persuasive device, so much so that good survey studies must always be cognizant of the order as well as the lexical content of the questions asked. Priming supports the hypothesis that smiling can increase the brain's accessibility to positive words and thoughts.

There's evidence supporting the hypothesis that self-control correlates with intelligence. Lazy System-1 thinking is impulsive, often failing to allow System 2 to become 'engaged'. Experts may engage System 1 and System 2 so well that they experience 'flow' (if the task relates to their expertise).
Ego depletion occurs when we utilize heavy self-control on a task only to be more apt to quit successive tasks sooner.

**This word originated from an ancient belief that the world was composed of four classical elements (Fire, Air, Water, Earth) with a postulated unknown fifth element (bringer of life).**

Writing good trivia questions is an oft-difficult task. Should the clues render the question easy or difficult? Jeopardy! compiles many of the most interesting clues.

[Answer]
*- What is quintessence? (or quintessential)

Ch2: When we engage our System 2 to the max of its abilities, our pupils dilate significantly (cognitive pupillometry).
Practice on a specific task can reduce cognitive load with each repetition, however switching between tasks still requires much effort. The 'law of least effort' states that people will tend towards the 'least demanding course of action' when offered multiple techniques for getting the same result.