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Ethics taken as a part of philosophy concerns itself only with the temporal, secular, political and social aspects of life in this world (al-dunyā) without any relation to the Hereafter (al-ākhirah); and even when it concerns itself with the psychological aspect of the self or soul this is only incidental and conceived relative entirely to the state and the society.

[p. 11]

The author of this book believes that the Prophet Adam AS, based on evidence in the Quran and earlier revelation, arrived on earth on an event that took place between 7000 and 8000 years ago. He believes that this occurred in Central Arabia, and that it explains the rise of civilisation, whose source is religion, at this time. eg Noah AS' progeny spread to Egypt, Sumer, etc. And started these infamous civilisations.

Man on earth is forgetful, as the story of Adam tells us. The 'nafs al-natiqah', the soul of man, the something of God's spirit that is breathed into the body of man, when considered in itself is free from forgetfulness. But when the soul is associated with the body, at once being 'insan' and 'bashar', then its 'insaniyyah' aspect, preoccupied with 'bashariyyah', becomes forgetful.

The idea of man as a soul throughout the process of secularization has been cast aside, in favour of the material. The non-material characteristics in man is in their view not due to the spiritual nature of the soul, but rather identified as something natural in that it belongs to physics that has the power of reasoning, which is 'mind'. The method of purely empiricism means anthropology replaces psychology.

The state is artificial, it is the product of mans reason and freedom of choice consequent upon the original Covenant with God. The origin of politics and society begins with religion, as it is due to man's natural inclination to justice in agreement to 'natural law' which is in reality God's customary manner of acting in creation.