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Different current state among nations could start with small differences in type of institutions they adopted, at one point of time negligible, but critical junctures amplified them. Added with contigent factors, the gap could either become smaller or even bigger relative to other nations. And they could improve or suffer continuously. I guess having a reasonable and respectable leader is one contingent factor. Alas.

The authors claimed that inclusive institutions of economics and politics would lead a nation to prosperity, while extractive ones lead to the opposite. The nations where power is fairly distributed individual's property and freedom to determine their life direction are guaranteed, public facilities are provided, and law is enforced properly are economically strong, regardless location or natural resources owned.