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The Frozen Deep
Dramatic Dickens! Year
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The Frozen Deep by Wilkie Collins (hosted by Lori)
Welcome to the read of The Frozen Deep by Wilkie Collins. We will learn more about the authorship as we get started.
First English edition by Richard Bentley 1864
Where to Find a Copy of the NovellaProject Gutenberg
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1625/...
Google Books
https://books.google.co.vi/books?id=r...
Librivox recording
https://librivox.org/the-frozen-deep-...
Kindle
Amazon version $2.99
https://www.amazon.com/Complete-Works...
This is the only version I know of that has this novella. There is another complete works compilation that includes the original play but not the novella. We are going to be reading the longer 5 scene novella rather than the 3-act play.
*If anyone else finds another place to read or for a different medium, please let me know and I will add it to the list.
What We Are ReadingIn order to keep us all on the same page, I have provided a list of places to find the novella that we are going to read. Please be aware that there are two versions, a play and a novella, and both are called The Frozen Deep. We will be reading the novella version for this particular read. It is a bit longer but not too much. Please make sure that whatever copy you get, it has 5 scenes and is broken up into 18 chapters. The play will only have 3 acts.
We will have time at the end to discuss the play as well, if anyone is interested. When we get closer to finishing we can talk it about it at that time.
Wilkie Collins
Born Jan 8, 1824 Died Sept 23, 1889
Most known for his novels, The Woman in White and The Moonstone, Wilkie Collins was an early master of the mystery story and pioneer of detective fiction as well as sensation fiction. As a young boy he was adept at inventing tales and wrote his first published book as a memoir to his father in 1848. His father meant for Wilkie to enter the church and become a clergyman but this was not to be. He even completed a law degree however, he never formally practiced.
Wilkie Collins met and became friends with Charles Dickens in 1851 which began a lifelong friendship and mentorship. It was as actors in a play, Not So Bad as We Seem, Or, Many Sides to a Character: A Comedy in Five Acts by Edward Bulwer-Lytton, that brought them together. Dickens was an integral influence on Collins’ work as he developed a talent for characterization and humor. Wilkie Collins would contribute serials to Charles Dickens’s periodical Household Words and The Woman in White, his first major work appeared in Charles Dickens’s All the Year Round in 1860. Collins and Dickens would collaborate on several plays and short stories. His popularity was prominent in the 1860s and declined with his health issues (he suffered from gout which plagued him most of his adult life) as a result of an opium addiction.
Collins’s first play was The Lighthouse (1855) which was performed by Dickens's theatrical company at Tavistock House. Collins joined the staff of Household Words in 1856 and in the same year collaborated on a play with Charles Dickens called The Frozen Deep.
https://www.wilkie-collins.info/wilki...
ScheduleBefore we start reading the novella, I will plan to post a few days of background information to get us more acquainted with The Frozen Deep, its origins, and some other interesting information that will help us as we read.
As you read over the schedule, note that we will read full chapters each day. The reading will be as little as 1.5 pages to as many as 10 pages. I am counting on my iPad Kindle so the page number may vary for each reader depending upon what format you use.
March 1-5 Background information posts about the play’s origins and performances, melodrama, and Franklin’s 1845 expedition
March 6 First Scene - The Ball-room Chapter 1 (8 pgs) (message 69
March 7 First Scene - The Ball-room Chapter 2 (8 pgs) message 86
March 8 First Scene - The Ball-room Chapter 3 (2.5 pgs) message 103
March 9 First Scene - The Ball-room Chapter 4 (4.5 pgs) message 113
March 10 Between the Scenes - The Landing Stage Chapter 5 (8 pgs) message 122
March 11 Second Scene - The Hut of the Sea-mew Chapter 6 (1.5 pgs) message 137
March 12 Second Scene - The Hut of the Sea-mew Chapter 7 (8 pgs) message 140
March 13 Second Scene - The Hut of the Sea-mew Chapter 8 (6 pgs) message 153
March 14 Second Scene - The Hut of the Sea-mew Chapter 9 (5.5 pgs) message 162
March 15 Second Scene - The Hut of the Sea-mew Chapter 10 (3.5 pgs) message 168
March 16 Second Scene - The Hut of the Sea-mew Chapter 11 (10 pgs) message 177
March 17 Third Scene - The Iceberg Chapter 12 (3 pgs) message 185
March 18 Fourth Scene - The Garden Chapter 13 (6 pgs) message 194
March 19 Fourth Scene - The Garden Chapter 14 (6.5 pgs) message 196
March 20 Fourth Scene - The Garden Chapter 15 6.5 pgs) message 204
March 21 Fifth Scene - The Boat-house Chapter 16 (7.5 pgs) message 205
March 22 Fifth Scene - The Boat-house Chapter 17 (9 pgs) message 216
March 23 Fifth Scene The Boat-house Chapter 18 (9 pgs) message 221
I look forward to reading this novella along with you and hope that it will be a fun experience.
See you on March 1st.
Lori, thanks for the resources for the book. I'll try to join in. I read The Terror by Dan Simmons the year before last. It was sort of a horror styled novel based on the Franklin Expedition. I would love to read another novel that covers this as well and Wilkie Collins is one of my favorite authors.
Franky, I’m delighted to know you’ll be joining us! I’m predicting that you’re going to enjoy this with your background.
The cover surprised me. I assumed there would be a boat or some icebergs on the cover. Two women on the cover, is quite intriguing!
Mod
Wonderful to have you both along, Bridget and Jean!
Wilkie Collins, DramatistA younger Wilkie aged 26 in 1850
Wilkie Collins was always interested in drama, a passion he shared with Charles Dickens. He participated in amateur theatricals when he was a young man and eagerly attended the theater in London and abroad. He regarded fiction and drama as inextricably linked.
”Believing that the Novel and the Play are twin-sisters in the family of Fiction; that the one is a drama narrated, as the other is a drama acted; and that all the strong and deep emotions which the Play-writer is privileged to excite, the Novel-writer is privileged to excite also, I have not thought it either politic or necessary, while adhering to realities, to adhere to common-place, everyday realities”. (-Wilkie Collins in his introduction to Basil, 1852).
This idea of his is demonstrated in the dramatic structure of many of Wilkie Collins’s novels being set up in “scenes” or having movement of characters that work well as stage directions. Some of his works he wrote simultaneously as plays and novels.
Despite his enthusiasm for drama, Wilkie Collins was never very successful as some of his plays were outright failures. His best-remembered play is The Frozen Deep.
https://www.wilkie-collins.info/plays...
The Frozen Deep - A Drama in Three Acts OriginsIn 1856 Wilkie Collins wrote the play, The Frozen Deep, with much conception and revision done by Charles Dickens. Dickens added a preface, changed lines, and attended to most of the props, lighting, and sets. Dickens was writing Little Dorrit during this time and could not devote himself to the play. Dickens's relationship with his wife was also rocky at this time. According to biographer Peter Ackroyd, Dickens takes credit for the idea even though he did not pen the words.
Dickens wrote to Wills, “Collins and I have a mighty original notion (mine in the beginning) for another Play at Tavistock House…” …a drama to be set in the Arctic regions and eventually entitled The Frozen Deep. Dickens had already celebrated the denials and rigors of Arctic life in his articles on the Franklin expedition; in addition the idea of a solitary traveller, the explorer, was one that he found deeply sympathetic at a time when all normal conditions of his life provoked in him nothing better than unrest and gloomy despair.” (pg. 761)
In other words he was seeking some idealized and almost inhuman retreat, A world specifically without women. Without his wife. Without his family. These are the very ideas which now found an outlet in the first preparations for the play, but so advanced was Dickens’s own conception of the drama that even in these early months he seems to have had a good idea of its eventual shape. That Collins wrote the play is not in doubt, but it is clear that he was doing so almost entirely at his friend’s direction; as Dickens had said in an early letter to Wills, he was quite able to “infuse a good deal of myself” into Collins’s own essays for Household Words. He also told Wills that the younger writer “…is very suggestive, and exceedingly quick to take my notions.” (pg. 762)
Source: Dickens by Peter Ackroyd
PerformancesThe play was based on the ill-fated 1845 expedition to discover the Northwest Passage. The roles were cast by amateur actors including Charles Dickens, and Wilkie Collins including Dickens’ children, Charley, Mamie, and Katie plus his sister-in-law, Georgina Hogarth along with his younger brother Alfred.
Its original performance was at Tavistock House on 6 January 1856 followed by 3 more successive performances. Dickens played the part of Richard Wardour and Collins played Frank Aldersley. Dickens grew a beard for the performance and built the stage at his home in which he could seat 90 people!
Tavistock House
Charles Dickens, his family and friends, cast of The Frozen Deep July 12, 1857
Dickens is seated on the ground in front
The link below shows a list of names with a key for the picture.
https://www.kevinflynnphotographer.co...
Great start, Lori. I am a fan of Wilkie Collins, having read many of his novels and a smattering of his collaborations with Dickens. I read The Frozen Deep a few years back and hope to be able to read it again with you all. The photograph is almost eerie to me. Dickens is the only person not facing full-on to the camera and he looks as if he has no legs. If this were not an old photograph with a provenance, I would think someone had Photoshopped him in and done a rather poor job of it.
As always, thank you so much for the information and visuals.
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Great background information, Lori! I didn't know that Dickens created a small theater at Tavistock House, although maybe "small" is the wrong description because 90 people is rather a big crowd.Really looking forward to reading this!
Sara wrote: "Great start, Lori. I am a fan of Wilkie Collins, having read many of his novels and a smattering of his collaborations with Dickens. I read The Frozen Deep a few years back and hope to be able to r..."Sara, I found it a bit odd and eerie as well and keep looking for Wilkie in the photo. He is not listed in the key which does seem strange. Anyone think they see him? I'm not certain.
I hope you have time to read along with us.
Bionic Jean wrote: "I'm really getting excited about beginning reading this one! Thanks Lori for such an interesting start! 😊 Looking forward to everyone's participation about these and any other goodies you might sha..."I'm excited about getting started and hope everyone will enjoy the bits and pieces I've found. This was a popular play when it was first produced.
Bridget wrote: "Great background information, Lori! I didn't know that Dickens created a small theater at Tavistock House, although maybe "small" is the wrong description because 90 people is rather a big crowd...."
Yes! Isn't that exciting?!?! He turned the school room into an amateur theater. He lived at Tavistock House from 1851-1860. It was here that he wrote Little Dorrit, Hard Times, Bleak House and A Tale of Two Cities.
The Frozen Deep dress rehearsal was performed on Jan 5, Twelfth Night, to an audience of servants and local tradesman. Dickens called it "The Smallest Theater in the World".
Queen Victoria Attends a PerformanceThe popularity of the play had Dickens hearing rumors that Queen Victoria wanted to see a performance of The Frozen Deep. However, the sudden death of one of Dickens’ close friends, Douglas Jerrold, pressed Dickens to begin arrangements for charity performances that would raise funds for Jerrold’s widow and children. The play would be performed at the Royal Gallery of Illustration in Regent Street. Queen Victoria requested a performance in Buckingham Palace to which Dickens politely refused. His daughters had not been presented at Court and did not want their first visit to be as actors. Dickens got his way according to Peter Ackroyd (pg. 783)
A private evening was arranged for July 4th for Queen Victoria and Albert at the Royal Gallery of Illustration. Other guests were William Thackeray and Hans Christian Andersen.
At the end of the evening, Victoria requested Charles Dickens be presented to her but once again he refused saying he could not appear with his face painted and hot and tired.
Source: Dickens by Peter Ackroyd
Royal Gallery of Illustration - London
Further performances held at the Manchester Free Trade Hall in August allowed Dickens to change up his cast members. Now he needed to find professional actors because of the enormous size of the stage. Dickens and Collins still performed. It was these performances that brought Charles Dickens together with Miss Ellen Ternan.
Manchester Free Trade Hall
The play remained unpublished until a private printing in 1866. The play was never again produced under Dickens.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fro...
Manuscript presented to Queen Victoria, July 1857Housed in the Royal Collection Trust
Playbill from the Gallery of Illustration
Playbill from Manchester Free Trade Hall August 1857
The Frozen Deep, Novella and RevivalsTen years later a revival of the play was produced in 1866 at the Olympic Theatre in London but it flopped convincing Collins that it should no longer be staged. The play was printed but not published. Instead, in 1873 Wilkie Collins adapted and rewrote the play as a novella, republished it in book form and it became a successful text for public readings during the Boston part of his tour of America.
Beyond this, it was further extended for publication as The Frozen Deep and Other Stories and serialized in the periodical Temple Bar, August-September 1874.
”The experiment proved, on trial, to be far more successful than I had ventured to anticipate. Occupying nearly two hours in its delivery, the transformed “Frozen Deep” kept its hold, from first to last, on the interest and the sympathies of the audience.” (quote from Wilkie Collins’s introduction to the rewritten novella, link below).
The novella veers widely from the play in the first act but follows the play as closely as possible in the remaining acts.
https://www.google.com/books/edition/...
https://www.wilkie-collins.info/books...
That's an awesome photo of Dickens and the cast , and I love the playbill and info. That's interesting how this was both a play and a novella. I loved how Dickens and Collins had sort of a friendship/rivalry in their years as authors, and I think it helped them step up their game. Really enjoy both of their works so much.
I'm enjoying all the information that you are presenting to us, Lori. Dickens must have been a very charming and confident man to get Queen Victoria to change the venue of the performance she requested.
Can you imagine having enough confidence in yourself and your position to say "no" to a queen? I'm loving all the info. Dickens' relationship with Collins has always fascinated me. When I became aware of it, I started looking for what seemed like Dickens influences in Collins' writing. I'm sure they made one another better. So happy the signed manuscript still exists.
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I'm also really happy that you're sharing the relevant parts of Peter Ackroyd's huge bio. I remember reading in this about his unsuccessful meeting with Queen Victoria, whom he had still never met. So at the time of them writing the play, Charles Dickens will have been 42: a much more experienced man than the 24 year old youthful author of The Strange Gentleman.
It is a shame that Charles Dickens would not allow himself to be presented to Queen Victoria. He was notoriously proud of his appearance, but still, it must have been a bit of vanity. Look what was at stake! I wonder if he ever regretted this, because a meeting only actually happened once ...
Charles Dickens was not to actually meet Queen Victoria until March 1870 (shortly before his death in June), when he was writing The Mystery of Edwin Drood. She invited him to Buckingham Palace, and he even offered to share the solution with her, but she declined, wanting to read it along with everyone else!
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Bionic Jean, "Dickens Duchess"
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I was interested to read about the "flop" and how that could have persuaded Wilkie Collins to do a rewrite in novel form. (I am pleased we are reading this more fully developed version, by the way. 😊) It's often hard to prove who originated an idea, especially with artists who worked so closely together. But as you told us Lori, it was Charles Dickens who had already written about the Franklin expedition, so it was likely to have started there. I have a feeling Wilkie Collins probably wanted to do it on his own this time! Just my musings though; their writing relationship was intense, but also prickly, wasn't it.
Both authors had such a passion for the theatre, but neither is really remembered for their plays, are they! Another feeling I have is that the later staging of the play might have flopped because Charles Dickens was no longer in it. He was such a dynamic and charismatic performer. We learned during our group read of Oliver Twist how mesmerising his readings and performances were. It is said that nobody who had ever seen him on stage ever forgot it. 😍
Oh, Jean, I had no idea that Queen Victoria passed up a chance to know the intended ending! How I wish she had let him tell her.
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Franky wrote: "That's an awesome photo of Dickens and the cast , and I love the playbill and info. That's interesting how this was both a play and a novella. I loved how Dickens and Collins had sort of a friendsh..."Franky, I think the photo of the cast was a true find. It's quite relaxed like a snapshot while noone was aware. I found it interesting how Collins style is very theatric in itself as if he wrote his narratives with the stage in mind.
Connie wrote: "I'm enjoying all the information that you are presenting to us, Lori. Dickens must have been a very charming and confident man to get Queen Victoria to change the venue of the performance she reque..."Right! Connie, he sounds like a man who got what he wanted no matter what! And as Jean points out below, Dickens had not met her at this point in his life yet. I'd say he was brazen!
Sara wrote: "Can you imagine having enough confidence in yourself and your position to say "no" to a queen? I'm loving all the info. Dickens' relationship with Collins has always fascinated me. When I became aw..."I know, Sara! I just used the word brazen in my comment to Connie. He certainly acted shameless by refusing! I cannot imagine!
In the quote above from Ackroyd's biography, Dickens admits to having a great influence over Collins in the writing of this. I'm sure they both had a wealth of influence on each other's writing.
Mod
Thinking of the time, it must have been carefully posed, with the cast all standing stock still for a while to allow for the length of exposure. And Dickens had to be different ...
Bionic Jean wrote: "This is wonderful info and beautifully illustrated, thanks Lori! I was hoping to take a few pics when I get to the Dickens & Collins exhibition shortly (if the Dickens museum allows it). I know the..."Jean, I'm so happy to be able to use the biography I found a few years ago in a used book store. I considered it a huge find. I was surprised that when I checked Forster's biography that this story about Queen Victoria was not there. In fact, not much about The Frozen Deep.
I am so glad that you added to my post with further information about Dickens and the Queen. I found all of those stories in my reading and wondered how much to share. Having the opportunity to know the ending of Edwin Drood seems such a miss and a sad thought.
I am betting that you are correct about the flop of the 1866 performance of The Frozen Deep. Without Dickens in the lead, it just didn't resonate with audiences.
Wilkie Collin's revision of The Frozen Deep in 1866 when he attempted to revive it once again, just wasn't financiallly successful. It was performed at the Royal Olympic Theater with Henry Neville in the role that Dickens had played.
Henry Neville was the manager of the Olympic Theater in the 1870s and oversaw Wilkie Collin's dramatisations of his novels The Woman in White and The Moonstone.
Bionic Jean wrote: "I also wonder where he was though ... could he have been the photographer Lori? Or is that too far-fetched? Perhaps he just nipped off for a cup of tea 😊Thinking of the time, it must have been ca..."
Here is what I found about the photograph and the photographer:
Following the Saturday, July 11th performance, Dicken's solicitor, Frederic Ouvry, had invited guests to his house and garden via an illustrated invitation for Sunday, July 12th, to meet Dickens, his theatrical group as well as the author and lecturer, Albert Smith. The outdoor party was held at Waltham Green in the parish of Fulham, Middlesex. It was here at this event that the group portrait was taken.
The photographer was William Jefferey and little is known about him. He was a commercial photographer in London during this time as reproductions of his photographs were published in the Illustrated London News between the years 1864-1875. Also, 35 samples of his work including the poet Robert Browning and the writers Thomas Caryle, Alfred Tennyson and the painter William Holman Hunt reside at The National Portrait Gallery, London.
I’d like to join in a couple of days late, if that is OK? Lori has made such an intriguing introduction!
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(So, as you asked, where was Wilkie?)
Lee wrote: "I’d like to join in a couple of days late, if that is OK? Lori has made such an intriguing introduction!"Of course, Lee! This is a perfect time to join, although any time will work. We are just getting started with background info. We’ll start reading next week on March 6 as you can see in the schedule above in message 6. Looking forward to a lovely read with everyone.
Bionic Jean wrote: "Gosh, thanks Lori! (So, as you asked, where was Wilkie?)"
That’s the mystery at the moment. Not sure it will be solved.🤷🏼♀️
Melodrama in Victorian Stage and LiteratureMelodrama was a hugely successful form of entertainment in the Victorian era. Originally emerging in France during the revolutionary period, melodrama reached Britain and became the most popular type of theater entertainment during the 19th century. Melodrama literally means “music drama”. Its appeal to the working classes increased its popularity during this time. The illegitimate theaters, those forbidden by law to perform drama involving the spoken word unaccompanied by music, were geared toward the middle class.
Here is more on these illegitimate theaters from our read with Connie of The Strange Gentleman.
Connie's link
Melodrama on the Victorian stage featured six stock characters: the hero, the villain, the heroine, an aged parent, a sidekick, and a servant of the aged parent. These characters would engage in a sensational plot featuring themes of love and murder. Often the good but not clever hero is duped by a scheming villain who has eyes for the damsel in distress. Fate intervenes ensuring good triumphs over evil.
Sensation novels of the 1860s provided rich material for melodramatic stage adaptations but were melodramatic in their own right. For example, Lady Audley's Secret by Mary Elizabeth Braddon was adapted to the stage. Wilkie Collins’ novels have melodramatic characteristics and his best-known work, The Woman in White is regarded by modern critics as “the most brilliant melodrama of the period”.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodra...
https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/...
A Little More…Early English melodramas of the 18th century were often set in exotic, faraway lands. More familiar settings and topics evolved over the years with a more elevated tone known as “gentlemanly melodramas”.
Victorian melodramas became popular during a period of social, political, and cultural transformation with the rise of industrialization, widespread urban centers, and the growing middle class.
The acting style was exaggerated with large, sweeping gestures and facial expressions. Even those sitting in the back of the theater would understand the emotional content of the actors. Actors often used coded gestures that would become recognizable to the audience and a style of presenting their speech had the actors facing out to the audience in order to amplify the emotional intensity.
The expressive movements and gestures are accompanied and emphasized by provocative music played by the orchestra. Late Victorian melodrama combined a focus on realism in stage sets and props with the opposite in character and plot. Much of the attention in melodrama is on the victim. There may be a fallen woman, an orphan, or a love triangle.
Some examples of types of popular melodramas:
Disaster
Nautical
Domestic
Sensation
Animal
Gothic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodrama
https://thedramateacher.com/19th-cent...
Some Common Melodramatic Rules and Poses*The stance was always weighted (not neutral) with one foot, arm movements from the shoulder not the elbow and the head at an angle. Big gestures were emphasized with windmill arms, foot stamping or sudden starts.
*Actors worked to highlight certain points in their speech to elicit applause.
*Entrances and exits meant to attract attention entering with confidence and waiting to speak for dramatic effect.
*Gestures were coded by character: good = curved graceful motions
Bad = sharp and angular movements
Serious = slow moves
Comic = fast motions
Horror
Agony
Hopelessness
https://octoroonc1.wordpress.com/tag/...
The information about melodramatic poses was fascinating, Lori.
That's interesting about the melodramatic poses. There is a sort of "over the top" ness to them, but it's all fun. Normally do not like "over-drama" in a read or novel, but for some reason when I read Collins, he usually pulls it off quite nicely because of his clever plot construction and how he weaves everything together so nicely. I seem to find his melodrama quite intriguing. Lori, I like how you use "theatric" to describe his narrative. So true. We will see how The Frozen Deep pans out.
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Bionic Jean, "Dickens Duchess"
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Great posts, thanks. 😊
It was fun to research the melodrama and to see how exaggerated it can be. I've performed on stage and know that exaggeration is recommended. I was told that if I didn't feel awkward, then the audience wouldn't know what I was trying to show them. I think we can all get a few laughs from these poses!
I'm glad you've all enjoyed these posts.
Bionic Jean wrote: "I've just laughed so much at these poses for melodramas, that Chris came over to see what I was looking at 🤣 How tastes do change ... sorry Lori - it's very accurate! We can still see some of this ..."Bionic Jean, that's funny you mention the silent films...lol. I was just thinking of that. I really enjoy some of those Buster Keaton and Charlie Chaplin ones and it seems like the films of that era had their actors overact to sell what is taking place in the scenes.
Dickensians!
Books mentioned in this topic
The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (other topics)A Tale of Two Cities (other topics)
Les Miserables (other topics)
The Frozen Deep (other topics)
The Frozen Deep: A Drama in Three Acts (other topics)
More...
Authors mentioned in this topic
Charles Dickens (other topics)Charles Dickens (other topics)
Charles Dickens (other topics)
Victor Hugo (other topics)
Charles Dickens (other topics)
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The lovely Lori is leading this group read, so I'll leave her to explain why this is an important part of our "Dramatic Dickens" season. Reading and comment begins on 1st March, and continues all month until 31st March.
PLEASE allow LORI to comment first! Thank you!