This quotation begins with "prosperity." followed by another sentence which constitutes the main quotation. The quote is a correct excerpt from the book's text, as the sentence before the main sentence does end in the word "prosperity." However, I imagine the person who added the quote probably did not want to start it with that stray word. If possible, could you edit off that leading word to leave the quote as:
"On average, nations with test scores in the bottom 10 percent worldwide are only about one-eighth as rich and productive as nations with scores in the top 10 percent."
Thanks.