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Atonement - Chapters 11-15
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Sarah
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Jan 12, 2008 03:01PM

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Sarah, I gotta say I had a good guess of what Briony's "crime" might be way before it was revealed. It either means McEwan really succeeded in foreshadowing the events in the novel, or that the plot is rather predictable. I think I'm leaning toward the former. What do you guys think?


I was wondering about McEwan's motives for being too obvious about the plot as well Dini. I think he should have been a bit more subtle about it, but that's just my opinion, I like to be surprised (like in The Hours).
FYI--The film won best picture at the Golden Globes. Haven't seen it yet, but I'd like to.
Can't wait for the movie also, Erin.
As I've done in other threads on Atonement, I'm posting some discussion questions I found on the net in the hope that they might help bring out discussion and that you guys might answer them better than me, lol. So here goes:
* Having read Robbie's note to Cecilia, Briony thinks about its implications for her new idea of herself as a writer: "No more princesses! . . . With the letter, something elemental, brutal, perhaps even criminal had been introduced, some principle of darkness, and even in her excitement over the possibilities, she did not doubt that her sister was in some way threatened and would need her help" [pp. 106–7]. Why is Robbie's uncensored letter so offensive within the social context in which it is read? Why is Cecilia not offended by it?
* The scene in the library is one of the most provocative and moving descriptions of sex in recent fiction. How does the fact that it is narrated from Robbie's point of view affect how the reader feels about what happens to him shortly afterwards? Is it understandable that Briony, looking on, perceives this act of love as an act of violence?
* Why does Briony stick to her story with such unwavering commitment? Does she act entirely in error in a situation she is not old enough to understand, or does she act, in part, on an impulse of malice, revenge, or self-importance?
* How does Leon, with his life of "agreeable nullity" [p. 103], compare with Robbie in terms of honor, intelligence, and ambition? What are the qualities that make Robbie such an effective romantic hero?
As I've done in other threads on Atonement, I'm posting some discussion questions I found on the net in the hope that they might help bring out discussion and that you guys might answer them better than me, lol. So here goes:
* Having read Robbie's note to Cecilia, Briony thinks about its implications for her new idea of herself as a writer: "No more princesses! . . . With the letter, something elemental, brutal, perhaps even criminal had been introduced, some principle of darkness, and even in her excitement over the possibilities, she did not doubt that her sister was in some way threatened and would need her help" [pp. 106–7]. Why is Robbie's uncensored letter so offensive within the social context in which it is read? Why is Cecilia not offended by it?
* The scene in the library is one of the most provocative and moving descriptions of sex in recent fiction. How does the fact that it is narrated from Robbie's point of view affect how the reader feels about what happens to him shortly afterwards? Is it understandable that Briony, looking on, perceives this act of love as an act of violence?
* Why does Briony stick to her story with such unwavering commitment? Does she act entirely in error in a situation she is not old enough to understand, or does she act, in part, on an impulse of malice, revenge, or self-importance?
* How does Leon, with his life of "agreeable nullity" [p. 103], compare with Robbie in terms of honor, intelligence, and ambition? What are the qualities that make Robbie such an effective romantic hero?

I think Briony's certainty was forced by several influences. You have to admit, these events all happening in one day is quite a lot for a young 13 year old to process! You have her titillation and disgust from reading the letter on her own, then Lola's 'maniac' input and the seed planted there of contacting the police, then what she saw as a violent scene in the library... I think she probably was caught up in the moment, wanting to feel important, wanting to be right, wanting to help Lola and Cee, and wanting the story to fit in her new mold. There is clearly a great deal of misunderstanding between her and Lola out on the island. And the character is referred to as being unable to take it back once she was so far down the path of accusal.
On the foreshadowing, I think it was intentionally heavy-handed -- he just flat out says it, really. I believe it was so we would have a sense of dreaded anticipation while we waited to see how it would unfold.
And I liked how that tension was in such contrast to Emily's relaxation, contrary to her belief that she could always winnow out what was happening. I was reminded that she specifically mentioned how she could never tell what was *going* to happen, just what was already happening.
Rambly enough? :)

It's interesting that the first sexual assault, if you will, takes place in the nursery. It is the juxtaposition of innocence and experience that controls the whole novel, so it seems fitting (and odd) that such a thing would take place in the nursery.
Also, the sensuality of the sex scene between Cecilia and Robbie in the library is an interesting juxtaposition as well. The "naughty" act in a very proper place.
Any thoughts on this?

But one thing kind of struck me though. Do you feel that McEwan made SUCH a big deal about how Briony was the baby and how everyone took care of her. Now she underwent this "transformation" and it is her turn to start taking care of everyone else (i.e., Cecilia and Lola)?
And what about this need to be taken care of as well as the need to take care of others? I kind of feel like these people are all like children trying to act like grown ups. Do you think it's the era they live in (pre-WWII, still a little bit innocent)? Or perhaps their status (the idle rich so-to-speak)? Or maybe the absentee-ism of this family (father always gone, mother always sick, older son and daughter away at school, Briony locked in her fantasies)? Rather like nothing "real" touches them so they can afford to live these fantasy lives. [Okay, that was two things. Oops!]

I am SO enjoying seeing the pieces others are pulling out of this book -- it has been ages since I read anything analytically.

RE the first question Dini raised regarding "The Vagina Monologues", initially I really thought that the big crime that sparked it all was going to just be Briony giving this letter to Emily and the rest of the book would revolve around the resultant class struggles. I'm so glad it was at least a little more complex than that.
Cecelia's response to the letter was definitely the more adult one in comparison to Briony's (more evidence of her immaturity - the word meaning association based on nearby dictionary entries especially). But how would her response have been different, how would the whole book have been different, if she had been as concerned and sensitive about class status as her mother? Even if she still had mutual feelings for Robbie, I think she may have been more likely to suppress those feelings and publicly mock him for his indelicacy.
That Briony confided in Lola about the letter I thought was also interesting. I thought for sure that Lola was going to claim it was Robbie who had fought with her in the nursery, and so for the second time was fooled into thinking I knew what the big crime was.
Also, there's the whole chapter about Emily and all she hears in the household, her sixth sense and second sight so to speak. She goes on and on about how she doesn't have to see what's going on to know about it. And she even accurately assesses that Marshall was still in the nursery with Lola after the twins leave for thier bath, and yet she suspects nothing when she sees their respective injuries later on at dinner, and seems to have forgot the incident altogether when it comes time to indicting someone for the crime by the pond. Was she just distracted by the twins disappearance or was her hatred/resentment of Robbie so deep that she was blind to any other possibilities (similar in that respect to Briony's response)?
I really think she too could have changed the outcome of events. And I think maybe this was another aim of McEwan - to show that events had to happen just so - that any one of the characters at any time could have made a different decision or had different responses, and lives would have been drastically changed. He even spends some time on the topic of fate actually, repeating again and again especially from Cecilia's perspective, the feeling that things were already set in stone and that she was just a spectator to events as they unfolded, powerless to change them.
very interesting book when you take it apart.

And that reminds me - any one notice the parity in Briony's seeing the disembodied leg of her mother through the window and Robbie's similar haunting vision later on in France? Both he and she at some point wish they could go back and change things.

The guests are oblivious to the scratches on Marshall's nose, or they notice them and don't make connections between the two injuries. Perhaps because accusing a member of the upper class of committing a crime is like turning on one's own. Reminds me a bit of To Kill a Mockingbird in that respect.
K, I'll stop rambling now and get back to my grading.

I too forgot that Emily knew that Paul was in the nursery! I didn't really think much about the class aspect of things while I was reading because I was just too darned caught up in the whole story. But now that it is mentioned that Emily knew Paul was in the nursery, it does really make one wonder as to why there was no further examination of the reason for Lola's previous bruises etc.
Good insight about the leg parallel's with Robbie and Emily! I never thought of that, but I will go back and take a look.


And yes, you do learn whether or not Lola knew her attacker later in the book. (I've cheated and skimmed the entire book. But I'm also reading it "normally" so it's taking me a while to get through this book--often I wonder if I will EVER get done with Part 1.)
After reading the posts on class struggle, I find it interesting that Cecilia, open-minded as she was in loving someone of a lower class, thought Danny Hardman as the perpetrator of the crime even until years after. It didn't even cross her mind that Paul Marshall could also be a suspect. Could it be that deep down she has similar views on class as her mother? An affirmation of Erin's "turning on one's own" theory, perhaps?
Oh I also agree that reading all of your posts have been a real mind-opener. It's like I'm transported back to lit class!
Oh I also agree that reading all of your posts have been a real mind-opener. It's like I'm transported back to lit class!

I read these posts with great fascination, because I am impressed with everyone's insight and thoughfulness. Many of you could teach!

Foreshadowing
pp. 113 "Maniacs can attack anyone." That sentence is definitely a red flag that Robbie will be accused of an attack.
pp. 116, Briony's point of view of the encounter in the library definitely showed her state of mind that evening. Obviously she did not understand what was going on, but she describes Robbie as "huge and wild" and Cecelia as "thin" and "frail" and "terrified" and "trapped."
pp. 133 "Paul Marshall cleared his throat. 'I saw it myself -- had to break it up and pull them off her. I have to say, I was surprised, little fellows like that. They went for her all right...'" ...
"Robbie wanted to know why Marshall had not mentioned the matter before if Lola had been so badly harmed"
Did the twins really attack Lola? Or was it Paul Marshall? Because if it was Marshall, why was Lola unsure of the identity of her attacker in the island temple? And if it WAS the twins, and Marsall, DID pull them off of her, was she naked? She said the twins attacked her when she was getting into the bath, right? Anyway, I'm unclear on that whole thing.
pp. 142 "She thought of Robbie at dinner when there had been something manic and glazed in his look." Emily doesn't even know about the letter yet, but she already views Robbie in a hostile light.
Also, when Briony, Lola, Cecelia, and Leon come back into the house, where was Paul Marshall? Everyone talks about how Robbie was unaccounted for, but no one thinks of where Marshall was.
*
pp. 122, I loved this line, considering what Briony had just walked in on in the library: "On a cooler day we'd be in the library watching the theatricals now."
Dini, to answer the questions you'd posed. Cecelia is not offended by the letter because she's in love with Robbie. In fact I think she's a little turned on by it. I have to say though, I don't get why the sex scene in the library is supposed to be so provocative or whatever. I didn't think it was that great. I've read way steamier scenes (and no, not in romance novels). I do think that, because they were standing against the bookshelves and Robbie was holding Cecelia's arm, it would be easy for someone who doesn't understand sex to veiw it as a violent attack. Definitely.
I really liked the description of Briony's commitment to her story: "She was like a bride-to-be who begins to feel her sickening qualms as the day approached, and dares not speak her mind because so many preparations have been made on her behalf." Briony sticks to her story for a few reasons. First of all, she likes the attention she gets every time she is questioned. She likes feeling like the protector of both Lola and Cecelia. As the baby of the family, it makes her feel grown up. And at first, because of her hatred and previous suspicions of Robbie, she is utterly convinced that he is the attacker. Later, when she begins to doubt, she pushes those doubts away because she feels like the snowball is already rolling and too late to stop.
Why doesn't Lola speak up about who her attacker was? She says she wasn't sure, that her eyes were covered, but she does seem uncomfortable at first with Briony's insistence that it was Robbie. Also - and it's too long to retype here - the last paragraph on page 157, which begins "And so their respective positions..."
She's so traumatized by what happened that it's easier to let Briony take charge than to admit she's not sure. She, for once, doesn't want all the attention on herself.
And EMILY, whew, she's a piece of work! First there's this little gem:
"Even being lied to constantly, though hardly like love, was sustained attention; he must care about her to fabricate so elabroately and over such a long stretch of time. His deceit was a form of tribute to the importance of their marriage. Wronged child, wronged wife. But she was not so unhappy as she should be."
Then, I underlined a whole bunch of reasons Emily would jump to believe it was Robbie rather than Marshall. She's resentful of him because of the attention he gets from her husband. She doesnt' think he deserves it, partly because of his class and partly because she's jealous of anyone getting attention over her. That's a nice little leftover from her childhood with Hermione.
Then consider how she thinks of Marshall, who made several social faux pas at the dinner: "how artfully Mr. Marshall had put everyone at ease." I loved how the dinner was told from Robbie's perspective, and Robbie, the servant's son, was conscious of Marshall's rudeness. It seems no one else was. They overlooked his behavior because of his class.
Emily confuses me. One minute she wants to be detached from it all ("She would have preferred to retreat upstairs to her room") and the next she wants to be the protective guardian. SHe admits that the reason she gets so worked up abotu the twins' absence is because it makes her feel like a better mother than Hermione. I suppose that and her resentment of Robbie are the reasons she goes after him so single-mindedly.
Oooh, I had forgetten about Paul's creepy dream about his sisters!

Sarah, I thought so too when I first read about the "crime" on the book's back cover.
Is it safe to say that you've won the award for Longest Post Ever in The Rory Gilmore Book Club? And a very insightful one at that!
Is it safe to say that you've won the award for Longest Post Ever in The Rory Gilmore Book Club? And a very insightful one at that!

pp. 113 "Maniacs can attack anyone." That sentence is definitely a red flag that Robbie will be accused of an attack.
I thought that was interesting Sarah because I never saw that coming. I only saw it that Lola was attacked not by the twins but rather by Paul. And she was using the letter to express her feelings about what just happened to her. I thought had Briony not seen the fountain scene with Robbie and Cecilia she would have been more intune to Lola and maybe pickd up on that herself.

I thought it was interesting that she protested underwriting his college and used the excuse that it was unfair to Leon and Cecilia. I think by far, she is the worst when it comes to class snobbery. She is my least favorite character (among so many too!)

In response to your post way back there about whether Lola could have been (I'll insert "consciously or unconsciously") inviting Mr. Marshall's attentions--I'll say I had at least wondered whether McEwan had intentially chosen a name that could evoke thoughts of Lolita.
I'm not really an underliner when I read fiction, but I came close to underlining, "His deceit was a form of tribute to the importance of her marriage." Initially, I just thought that was a great example of the thinking of an abused woman. Willing to sustain herself on the tiniest scrap of "caring." Now I also see it as very adolescent.

Many people have touched on this already and so I just want to add my thoughts. At first I was outraged by Emily's selfishness. Her "I have a migrane" as an excuse to not participate in her children's lives is inexcusable to me. However, further reading has made me soften (a bit) towards her.
I loved how McEwan wrote about her marriage (starting in chapter 11, p. 139).
"There was nothing to say. Or rather, there was too much. They resembled each other in their dread of conflict..."
"The regularity of his evening calls...was a comfort to them both. If this sham was conventional hypocrisy, she had to concede that it had its uses."
"She intended to preserve them by not challenging Jack....Even being lied to constantly, though hardly like love, was sustained attention; he must care about her to fabricate so elaborately and over such a long stretch of time. His deceit was a form of tribute to the importance of their marriage."
Like Robbie said, I too thought this is what an abused (or neglected) woman says. But further ponderance on this, I think this is something ALL women tell themselves.
It's nature's self-preservation. From tiny little girls, we are taught to believe that we are the damsels in distress and some magical, mythical man will come save us. And that being saved equates being loved. And happily ever after love is the only kind of love we want (even though no one ever describes what happily ever after entails). And yet, we also are taught that somehow we aren't worthy of being loved unless we are perfect in body, in motherhood, and in bed (or is it the kitchen?). Should we fail at "having it all" it's obvious there is something wrong with us and therefore completely understandable why we don't have this fairytale romantic life. And so begins our road of settling for less because we no longer are capable of believing we somehow are worthy and deserve more.
For Emily, having security and stability in home and family IS the highest priority of her life. Having money, children who were accomplished and beautiful, hosting the requisite parties, these were her life (whether she really wanted it or not).T And she understood if she accepted Jack's lies, she would be able to maintain this lifestyle. But what woman doesn't need to feel loved too? I'm not sure she was in love with him, but she loved him enough to care that he thought enough about her to lie to her.
I find it amazing that McEwan was able to capture a very female thought process and express it so well.

And Briony's (thought) response was, "it was a good question, but it would never have occurred to her to trouble her mother. Nothing but a migraine would have come of it."
I did applaud that when push came to shove, Emily did step up to the plate and took charge. Personally, I think she was happier when she was in control. I think that the times (and maybe her relationship with her sister) made her think she needed to step back and allow others to take over. Or maybe by "having a migraine" it was her passive-aggressive way of putting the attention on herself (in her mind). Personally, I think she was a very bored housewife who needed to go out and find a hobby (and spend a little more quality time with her children).

I haven't decided if I agree with it or not but I liked it.



Even with Emily removing herself from her family's life, I think that her intuition is sometimes accurate. One passage that grabbed my attention was her perspective on Lola (p138). This is before Briony finds Lola on the island:
"And Lola, like her mother, would not be held back.... she upstaged her runaway brothers... When the twins came back, it was a certain bet that Lola would still have to be found... all the attention would be hers...How like Hermione lola was, to remain guiltless while others destroyed themselves at her prompting."
No doubt Emily's views are guided by her extensive knowledge of her sister rather than her limited knowledge of Lola. But it makes me wonder if Emily has perceived correctly. And if so, did Lola really experience an attack? Did she allow herself to be portrayed as a victim as a way to pull the attention back to herself?

But, as you pointed out Erin, like her mother, it was easier to allow Briony to take over. McEwan even wrote that she didn't need to lie, she didn't even need to say anything. She just had to lay there and play victim (something I'm sure she 'learned' from her mother).


As for her other behavior...sometimes chronic pain creates a sort of "learned helplessness." It could contribute to her victim-like response to her husband, etc. It also causes the family to tip-toe around her. (See quotes in Meghan's posts.) Of course, stress of any kind can trigger migraines, too.

Briony did not tell her mother about the letter not because she didn't think it would do any good or was embarassed to, but because it never occurred to her to do so! That speaks volumes to me about how Emily behaves and is perceived by her family as a mother.
I believe she used her migraines as a crutch. When life called upon Emily to act, she responded in force. Her children were shocked by it, not believing she had it in her. Even she was surprised that no migraine had appeared. I believe that she could have had a much more active role in this household and family if she had chose to. I think she felt victimized by her sister and grew up to be resentful and larthegic towards life. Her family allowed to her to continue her behavior and thus, we're where we're at.
I don't think she should never have a migraine, or suffer through them, but I think she would have had a lot less of them had she made some changes in her attitude and her life. Or, at the very least, not let them interfere quite so badly with how she handled her household and family.

Also, I had forgotten that I thought the use of the word "aroused" was weird when Paul woke from his nap. Now that it's been pointed out in the aftermath of Part 1, it's even more sinister.
I could see Lola trying to act more grown up and gettin in a situation way over her head. Of course, no attack is called for.
I'm really enjoying this book so far and everyone's comments.

"She may have been about to speak, she may have been about to embark upon a long confession in which she would find her feelings as she spoke them and lead herself out of the numbness towards something that resembled both terror and joy...But it did not matter because Briony was about to cut her off and the opportunity would be lost...It was her story, the one that was writing itself around her. (166)

When I was reading the part where Lola kept repeating , "You *saw* him," I imagined it as some kind of acusation. At first, maybe she didn't want to say his name, because that would make the experience more real, then she was confronting Briony's lie by repeating "you saw him."


Maybe I'm being too harsh on her. But I can't help it. I don't like her much, so far.



But I'm very curious now to see where McEwan is going to take the whole Briony and Lola exchange. I really took it as Lola confirming things with Briony because Briony was SO confident in what she 'saw'. But with Robbie's excellent points, I don't know any more.
Well, this is at least inspiring me to go and read Part 2 now.


Just food for thought. One of my pet subjects -- reading with the timeframe firmly embedded in one's mind.

