“most methods disguise the guessing stage in some fancy language, such as “determine possible root causes.” This is making a list of guesses, and at this point I hope you would read such an instruction and declare, “How the heck am I meant to do that?” Even coming up with a “hypothesis” is a guess, despite it being a scientific term. If at any point in a method you are asked to make a list, “come up with” something, or hypothesize, then avoid such a method for the junk that it is.”