“The list of tried-and-true means of cheating is long. Just as quickly as electoral rules are created to outlaw corrupt practices, politicians find other means. For instance, leaders can restrict who is eligible and registered to vote. In Malaysia, under a system known as Operation IC, immigration is controlled so as to create demographics favorable to the incumbent party. Tammany Hall, New York City’s infamous Democratic Party machine, acquired its Irish flavor by meeting and recruiting immigrants as they left the boat, promising citizenship and jobs in exchange for their vote.”