“When I first read about the theory many years ago, my first thought was that life was all about not just biological life but life. No wonder a two-hour movie can capture—or seem to capture—the entire life of Mahatma Gandhi, Frida Kahlo, Muhammad Ali, or Coco Chanel. Moviemakers use punctuated equilibria to eliminate the stasis from the lives of heroes and celebrities, highlighting only the punctuations. History books apply the same technique to chronicle the life of an entire civilization over thousands of years by compressing narratives into a few hundred pages. On my desk lies a copy of Duff McDonald’s book The Firm: The Story of McKinsey and Its Secret Influence on American Business, which compresses almost a century of the consulting firm’s existence into a mere four hundred pages. Now that I have seen the theory, I can no longer unsee it; it seems to apply everywhere I look. But let me not get carried away.”