“There are many things that can be done to reduce the rates of police shootings, such as implicit bias training, de-escalation training, community policing, and more accountability for officers. However, these things can only help so much when police officers know that anyone they come into contact with might have a gun on them...In every encounter with a civilian, an officer may fear the presence of a gun. This fear changes their behavior, just like it would for any one of us--leading them to be more guarded, more fearful, and more defensive.”