“The correlation between genes and languages cannot be perfect, since the rapid conquest of large territories may favor replacement of indigenous languages with unrelated ones, as happened in much of the Americas. But these events do not appear to have occurred frequently enough to erase all traces of a correlation. We see equally that in the case of prolonged genetic exchanges with different neighbors, genes can be replaced. Nevertheless, despite the two sources of confusion, the correlation between genes and languages remains positive and statistically significant.”