Buddhism has identified five key factors for steadying the mind: Applied attention—initial directing of attention to an object, such as the beginning of the breath Sustained attention—staying focused on the object of attention, such as remaining aware of an entire inhalation from beginning to end Rapture—intense interest in the object; sometimes experienced as a rush of blissful sensations Joy—gladdening of the heart that includes happiness, contentment, and tranquility Singleness of mind—unification of awareness in which everything is experienced as a whole; few thoughts; equanimity; a strong
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