The psychologists Richard Gregory and Vilayanur Ramachandran have drawn strict limits on that argument. They point out that “our conscious mind may not have free will, but it does have free won’t.” Michael Gazzaniga, one of the pioneers in the development of cognitive neuroscience and a member of the American Council of Bioethics, has added, “Brains are automatic, but people are free.” One cannot infer the sum total of neural activity simply by looking at a few neural circuits in the brain.
