Madame Restell did not appear to have an interest in women’s causes. She worked with her husband and her brother, or, more accurately, they worked for her. She had likely been trained by a man. She plagiarized the philosophy in her ads from a man. In prison, she chatted amiably with the male keeper of the island, not his wife who was preparing her meals. The people she enlisted for help when she needed bail were often male newspaper editors.

