Many of the advances in longevity science, such as calorie restriction; time-restricted eating; fasting; exercise; NAD+ therapy, rapamycin, metformin, and various phytochemicals such as resveratrol, fisetin, and quercetin; cold therapy; red-light therapy; hyperbaric oxygen; ozone; and hypoxia or low oxygen states (which we will cover in Chapter 10), work through improving the number and function of your mitochondria, no matter how old they are.