The Song of the Cell: An Exploration of Medicine and the New Human

by Siddhartha Mukherjee

What will the future bring? Let me clarify: I use the phrase “new human” throughout the book, and in its title. I mean it in a very precise sense. I explicitly do not mean the “new human” found in sci-fi visions of the future: an AI-augmented, robotically enhanced, infrared-equipped, blue-pill-swallowing creature who blissfully cohabitates the real and virtual worlds: Keanu Reeves in a black muumuu. Nor do I mean “transhuman,” endowed with augmented abilities and capacities that transcend the ones we currently possess. I mean a human rebuilt anew with modified cells who looks and feels (mostly) like you and me. A woman with crippling, recalcitrant depression whose nerve cells (neurons) are being stimulated with electrodes. A young boy undergoing an experimental bone marrow transplant using gene-edited cells to cure sickle cell disease. A type 1 diabetic infused with his own stem cells that have been engineered to produce the hormone insulin to maintain a normal blood level of glucose, the body’s fuel. An octogenarian who, following multiple heart attacks, is injected with a virus that will home to his liver and permanently lower artery-clogging cholesterol, thus reducing his risk of another cardiac event. I mean my father, implanted with neurons, or a neuron-stimulating device, that would have steadied his gait so that he might not have suffered the fall that led to his death. I find these “new humans”—and the cellular technologies used to create them—vastly more exciting ...