Jerome Bruner, a psychologist Lonka refers to, goes a step further and says that scientific thinking is plainly impossible if we can’t manage to think beyond a given context and we only focus on the information as it is given to us (Bruner, 1973, quoted after ibid.)
Scientific thinking requires us to think beyond what we read. This is related to the distinction between research and study. When people did their own research, they probably just studied a small amount of text or other content.
