In the social sphere, there are many computer simulations of human behavior. As early as 1955, Daniel Gerlough completed a PhD thesis on computer simulation of freeway traffic. In 1959, the Simulmatics Corporation was founded to simulate and predict how a political campaign’s messaging would affect various groups of voters. It was said that this effort had a significant effect on the 1960 US presidential election. The claim may have been overblown, but since then, social and political simulations have become mainstream. Advertising companies, political consultants, social media companies, and
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