The rise of deep learning marked a fundamental change in the way digital technology was built. Rather than carefully defining how a machine was supposed to behave, one rule at a time, one line of code at a time, engineers were beginning to build machines that could learn tasks through their own experiences, and these experiences spanned such enormous amounts of digital information, no human could ever wrap their head around it all. The result was a new breed of machine that was not only more powerful than before but also more mysterious and unpredictable.
