Cancer paradigm 3.0, the evolutionary model, can be divided into three phases: Transformation: The normal cell’s first step toward cancer is an evolutionary response to chronic, sublethal injury. The cancer phenotype develops as a survivalist mechanism that requires rejecting multicellular life. This is the seed of cancer. Progression: The nutrient sensors insulin, mTOR, and AMPK influence growth factor availability and provide a fertile environment for cancerous proliferation. This is the soil. Metastasis: The early shedding of cancer cells into the bloodstream exposes the cells to intense
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