In 1988, with five years more to follow these children into adulthood, the NIH researchers reported that 45 percent of the children of diabetic mothers had become diabetic themselves by the time they were in their mid-twenties, more than five times the rate among children of mothers who would go on to become diabetic only after their pregnancy (8.6 percent), and more than thirty times the rate among children of mothers who remained healthy (1.4 percent).