Treatments that work through insulin or mTOR signaling typically favor females, whereas chemical therapies typically favor males, and no one really knows why.8 If females and males are in the same environment, in general, females will live longer. It’s a common theme throughout the animal kingdom. Scientists have tested whether it is the X chromsome or the ovary that is important. Using a genetic trick, they created mice with one or two Xs, with either ovaries or testes.9 Those with a double dose of the X lived longer, even if they had testes and especially if they didn’t, thus proving once
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